5) Compare the specific LOCATION (defining each term used in describing the loca

Question

5) Compare the specific LOCATION (defining each term used in describing the location), PROCEDURE and REASON for: a spinal tap, an epidural block, a spinal block. 6) Describe the differences in neural regenerative processes that can be expected to occur (or if none, why not) at the cellular level and prognosis for three patients suffering from workplace accidents: Jose has had a brief peripheral nerve crush injury, Brian has had a brief spinal cord crush injury, and Marion had long-term exposure to a workplace chemical which has caused demyelination

Explanation / Answer

5.

Spinal tap Epidural block Spinal block Location Spinal tap is perfomed between the third and fourth or fourth & fifth lumbar vertebrae. Lumbar vertebrae are the largest segments of the vertebral coloumn ; they are 5 in number wich are located between rib cage and pelvis. Epidural block is performed on the lower portion of the body preferrably at lower back. Spinal block is performed at the subarachnoid space. It is a space in the central nervous system between arachnoid mater and pia mater. Arachnoid mater comprises of meninges which cover the brain and spinal cord. Pia mater is the delicate innermost layer of the meninges. Procedure The patient is asked to lie on his/her side with legs and hips bent towards the chest. The pelvis bone is identified by the doctor and a cleansing solution and drapes are applied over the area. This is followed by application of a numbing medication to numb the area. Then the sterile needle is injected into the lower back. It then enters the space where the fluid is contained. The fluid is then allowed to collect in three or four vials and sent to the lab for evaluation. The needle is then removed and bandage is applied over the area. The patient is asked to lie on one side or sit up. It is said to pull the stomach inwards and hunch the back outwards.This is followed by inserting of a needle in the lower back; in the space outside the spinal cord. Then a small soft tube is placed in the back and the needle is removed. The patient is asked to sit on the operating table and placing their feet on the stool. The patient's back is cleaned with swabs and antiseptics and the solution is allowed to dry. A suitable intra spinous space is located and a small volume of local anasthetic is injected under the skin with a disposable gauge needle. The introducer should be advanced into ligamentum flavum. It is then gently aspirated to check for if the needle tip is still intrathecal and the locan anasthetic is injected. After this, the spinal needle, introducer and syringe is drawn out and a sticking plaster is applied to plaster site. Reason The reasons for performing a spinal tap is to look for infections in the spinal fluid. To check for bleeding in the brain; causes of headaches. It is also used to detect multiple sclerosis. It is basically a numbing medicine given. It is essentially used during childbirth to lessen the pain occuring during contractions. It is also used in cases of surgeries to lessen tha pain of the lower portions of the body. Spinal block is used orthopaedic surgery of the pelvis.It is a form of regional anasthesia ; used in combination of sedatives or anasthesia in general. Used during hernia operations, caesarian sections. Lessening the pain of childbirth and delivery.

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