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The iniital investment is $1,500. NPC has the opportunity to invest in a project

ID: 2766853 • Letter: T

Question

The iniital investment is $1,500. NPC has the opportunity to invest in a project that has a 75% chance of generating $500 per year for 7-years under good conditions or a 25% chance of generating $25 per year for 7-years. Assuming that all cash flows are discounted at 10%, calculate the effect of waiting on the project's risk, using the same data. By how much will delaying reduce the project's coefficient of variation? (Hint: Use the expected NPV.)

a) 2.23 b) 2.46 c) 2.70 d) 2.97 e) 3.27

Please show your work so i can input on excel

Explanation / Answer

Calculation of NPV under good condition

Year

Cash flow

PVAF @10%

Discounted cash flow

0

(1,500.00)

1

(1,500.00)

1 to 7

        500.00

4.8684

    2,434.20

NPV

        934.20

Calculation of NPV under bad condition

Year

Cash flow

PVAF @10%

Discounted cash flow

0

(1,500.00)

1

(1,500.00)

1 to 7

          25.00

4.8684

        121.71

NPV

(1,378.29)

NPV = 0.75 * 934.2 + 0.25*(1378.3)

NPV = 700.08 - 344.5

NPV = $356.08

The CV = SD/Expected NPV.

Invest immediately:

Probability

NPV

NPVi - E(NPV)

Squared Deviation

Squared deviation times probability

0.75

        934.21

                     578.00

                             334,228.00

                         250,671.00

0.25

(1,378.29)

               (1,734.00)

                         3,008,054.00

                         752,013.00

1

        365.08

Variance

                     1,002,685.00

Standard deviation

                              1,001.34

Coefficient of variance

                                      2.81

Delay, then invest in period 1 if the outlook is good:

Probability

NPV

NPVi - E(NPV)

Squared Deviation

Squared deviation times probability

0.75

        616.03

                     154.00

                               23,718.00

                           17,789.00

0.25

                 -  

                   (462.00)

                             213,463.00

                           53,366.00

1

        462.02

Variance

                           71,154.00

Standard deviation

                                 266.75

Coefficient of variance

                                      0.58

Reduction in the CV due to waiting 2.23

Note that the problem implicitly assumes that the project is riskless if it is delayed. This is, of course, unrealistic. Note also that a lower cost of capital should be used to find the NPV of the “Go Now” deci- sion than the “Wait” decision. The appropriate cost of capital is often lowered by the existence of real options.

Calculation of NPV under good condition

Year

Cash flow

PVAF @10%

Discounted cash flow

0

(1,500.00)

1

(1,500.00)

1 to 7

        500.00

4.8684

    2,434.20

NPV

        934.20

Calculation of NPV under bad condition

Year

Cash flow

PVAF @10%

Discounted cash flow

0

(1,500.00)

1

(1,500.00)

1 to 7

          25.00

4.8684

        121.71

NPV

(1,378.29)

NPV = 0.75 * 934.2 + 0.25*(1378.3)

NPV = 700.08 - 344.5

NPV = $356.08