Utility can be defined as: usefulness, in opposition to pleasure: fulfillment of
ID: 2765053 • Letter: U
Question
Utility can be defined as: usefulness, in opposition to pleasure: fulfillment of animalistic desires; the greatest good for the greatest number; the best consequences for each individual within a group. Which of the following statements is true of utilitarianism: for utilitarianism, some actions are wrong even if they produce good overall results; we can be pretty sure that we can calculate all the consequences of our actions; self-interest is the most important value; some people's happiness may need to be sacrificed for the common good The supreme principle of morality (categorical imperative), Kant tells us, depends on the will of God; is different for each rational individual, because we are all autonomous choosers of the morally good; that sometimes it is morally right for self-interest to be our guide; forbids applying rules to others we don't apply to ourselves. According to Kant, a good will is one that wills according to the dictates of society; wills to do its duty; obeys only hypothetical imperatives; follows inclinations (i.e., desires) For Kant, freedom is about always being able to do what you want to do; being able to buy and sell goods on the market; giving a moral law (or principle) to oneself; is determined by the laws of nature A maxim for Kant is: a universal moral principle; a subjective moral belief; a hypothetical imperative; a moral law According to Rawls, some inequalities are permissible; no inequalities are permissible; primar social goods can be exchanged for economic gain; self-interest is a fundamental barrier to forming a social contract.Explanation / Answer
7 utility can be defined as: a) usefulness in opposition to pleasure.
Utility is a term used by economists to describe the measurement of "useful-ness" that a consumer obtains from any good.
8. a) For utilitarianism some actions are wrong even if they produce good overall results.
Utilitarianism is one of the best known and most influential moral theories.its core idea is that whether actions are morally right or wrong depends on their effects. More specifically, the only effects of actions that are relevant are the good and bad results that they produce.
9 b) is different for each rational individual, because we are all autonomous choosers of the morally good.
The main theory of Kant is that one should not lie even if it can save someone's life.
10 b) wills to do its duty.
Kant's theory is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law.
11 c) giving a moral law (or principle) to oneself
Kant's theory says that freedom is critical to moral law.
12 b) subjective moral belief.
Kant's theory is based on the moral laws.
13 a) some inequalities are permissible.
Rawls argues that inequality is acceptable only if it is to the advantage of those who are worst-off.
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