I\'m confused on how I\'m suppose to answer question 1 and 2. Would appreciate a

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I'm confused on how I'm suppose to answer question 1 and 2. Would appreciate any help given.

Figure 3. Simulations showing the consequence of three different extinction scenarios in vertebrate communities for the risk of exposure to Lyme disease, as measured by nymphal infection prevalence (NIP). In all cases, initial host communities included 13 species or species groups. In the “random removal” scenario, species were selected for removal in random sequence. In the “mice always present” scenario, mice never went extinct, and all other species were selected for extinction in random sequence. In the “empirical sequence” scenario, species were removed in the empirically observed order in which they are actually lost as forests are fragmented in the midwestern US (e.g. veeries, grey squirrels, flying squirrels, and chipmunks tend to occur only in large forest fragments and were the first to go extinct in the model, while white-footed mice tend to be ubiquitous and reach high densities in small fragments, and went extinct later in the model; see LoGiudice et al., 2003 for references). Error bars represent standard errors from 100 simulations for each extinction scenario. Source: Figure 6b of Kremen and Ostfeld, Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment (2005). © The Ecological Society of America, used with permission.

NATONAL CENTER FOR USE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE Figure 3- Modeling Removal of Host Species on Exposure Risk Kremen and Osfeld (2005) used a computer model to exploce the consequences of removing differene tick hoss from the system to determine if the onder of specics loss affects the percent of mymghal ticks infected, one of the species- specific risk factors. The conditions for the three different scenarios they tested (random, mice ahways present, and empirical) are described in the legend below. The figure summarizes the resules of their computer simulation model Mice always presen 80 40 20 13 12 11 10 9 876 5 4 3 2 1 Number of host species iw & Simulations showing the conseqence of throc difierent cstinction scenarios in venchea foe the risk of eposune LaGadie e.. 2005 ?? references). Ernie bars Questions 1. Rercad the figure legend, examine the x-axis, and explain how species richness is alsered in each of the three extinction scenarios in your own words .Random: Mice always presente Empirical: 2. Does the densiry of infected nymphal ticks change as host species are lost from the sysatem If yes, how . Random: Mice always present . Empirical 3. Why do you think you see the sesulking patnen for the empirical sequrnce What is your conclusion from results shown in this figure, L.e. how does species richness infiluence the risk of Lyme disease in natural systems The Dilution Efet by Stcin and Pardin

Explanation / Answer

Please find the answers below:

Answer 1:

Part a: Random: According to the information, the species density under random conditions decreases with increase in number of host species when the number of infected ticks also decreases in the area. The gradual decrease in the height of the the bars representing the random conditions shows decline in species richness.

Part b: Mice always present: When mice were always present in the niche, the species diversity increased with increase in population size as well as increase in number of ticks infected.

Part c: Empirical: Similar to the mice-always-present condition, the empirical or ideal conditions of species diversity also showed a significant increase in the species diversity with time.

Answer 2:

Part a: Random: As it can be seen from the graphical data, the NIP also decreases with increase in random selection for extinction.  

Part b: Mice always present: When mice are always present, the NIP increases with increase in extinction of other species.

Part c: Empirical: When ideal empirical extinction is followed, the NIP is significantly increased in the area.

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