Help Genetics question(s)! 16. What happens to RNA once it is produced in prokar
ID: 275560 • Letter: H
Question
Help Genetics question(s)!16. What happens to RNA once it is produced in prokaryotes? What is RNA processing and editing? How is eukaryotic pre-mRNA modified prior to being exported from the nucleus? How is it possible to generate different final mRNAs from the same pre-mRNA transcript? Where does a mature mRNA go once it reaches the cytoplasm? 17.What role does translation play in the Central Dogma? How do the processes of prokaryotic and eukaryotic translation compare? How are they similar and different? What proteins are necessary for translation initiation, elongation, and termination in both? What types of RNA are involved, and what is their function? How are tRNA generated and charged? What is a third base wobble, and why is it important? What structural features of ribosomes facilitate their function? What role do other proteins play in translation initiation, elongation, and termination?
Explanation / Answer
Ans 16- once produced RNA gets translated on ribosome or in prokaryotes polycistronic mRNAs are produced that are translated as soon as they are produced by transcription.
In RNA processing 5'CAP and polyA tail is added to mRNA. 5' CAP promotes binding of mRNA to ribosome and chain termination occurs when translation assembly reaches poly A tail. On the contrary RNA editing is a process of methylation, insertion, deletion or substitution of bases in produced mRNA after transcription by RNA polymerase.
In eukaryotes pre mRNA are processed before it gets transported out of nucleus. The processing includes addition of 5'CAP and 3'poly A tail. The introns are also gets spliced to form mature mRNA.
It is possible for the cell to generate different functional mRNAs from a single unprocessed pre mRNA by the process of alternative splicing, here when introns are removed from the pre mRNA different exons in variable format combine with each other to form variable protein products. This process is mainly used by organism having a shorter genome such as prokayotes and viruses. In humans antibodies are produced by the method of alternative splicing of pre mRNA.
Once a mature mRNA is produced it is exported out of the nucleus and reaches rough endoplasmic reticulum, where it gets recognized by ribosomes and the translation assembly gets into place to form nascent polypeptides by translating this mature mRNA.
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