1. Sampling units are the: A. target population elements available for selection
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Question
1. Sampling units are the:
A. target population elements available for selection during the sampling process.
B. identifiable groups of elements of interest to the researcher and pertinent to the information problem.
C. complete set of elements identified for investigation.
D. list of all population elements from which to draw a sample.
E. number of units accidentally left out of the sampling frame.
2. Jamie Nelson works for a telephone company. She is interested in determining the satisfaction of people with the service provided by the company (for landline customers only). She decides to draw her sample from the telephone directory. For Jamie’s research, the telephone directory is serving as a(n):
A. sampling unit.
B. element chart.
C. sampling frame.
D. element.
E. census.
3. The difference between probability sampling and nonprobability sampling is that in nonprobability sampling:
A. each sampling unit in the defined target population has a known probability of being selected for the sample.
B. observed differences in sample findings can be partially attributed to the existence of sampling errors.
C. the results can be generalized to the target population within a specified margin of error.
D. the researcher is able to judge the reliability and validity of data collected by calculating the probability.
E. sampling error is not known.
6. A researcher does not have the resources or time to do a probability sample. She wants to do a convenience sample, but she also wants to make sure that all ethnicities are fairly represented in her sample. What kind of sampling would you recommend to her?
A. Judgment sampling
B. Quota sampling
C. Stratified sampling
D. Cluster sampling
E. Census sampling
8. An example of fraud in the data validation process is when the interviewer:
A. contacts the respondent simply to get a name and address and then proceeds to falsify the interview.
B. unconsciously or not, injects a tone of negativity.
C. misrepresents himself/herself to the respondent.
D. does not submit all the data collected during the collection process.
E. distributes the data collected to various organizations thereby violating confidentiality agreements.
9. The process where the raw data are checked for mistakes made by either the interviewer or the respondent is known as _____.
A. screening
B. data validation
C. editing/cleaning
D. coding
E. data tabulation
10. When conducting a survey, a researcher decides to assign a value of 1 if the respondent is male and a value of 2 if the respondent is a female. By assigning numbers to different genders, the researcher is engaged in the process of:
A. coding.
B. editing.
C. validation.
D. data summarization.
E. data tabulation.
11. The simple process of counting the number of observations (cases) that are classified into certain categories is known as _____.
A. tabulation
B. editing
C. screening
D. validation
E. data entry
12. Calculate the mode of the following raw responses: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8.
A. 4
B. 5
C. 6
D. 7
E. 8
13. Calculate the range of the following raw responses: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8.
A. 4
B. 5
C. 8
D. 6
E. 7
14. The mean is best defined as the:
A. value that appears in the distribution most often.
B. distance between the smallest and largest values in a set of responses.
C. arithmetic average of the sample.
D. middle value of a rank-ordered distribution.
E. most common value in the set of responses to a question.
15. Which of the following is true of the mean?
A. It is a qualitative measure.
B. It The mean is greatly affected by the addition and deletion of data.
C. It is the distance between the smallest and largest values in a set of responses.
D. The mean can be distorted if when extreme values are included in the distribution.
E. It is the value that appears in the distribution most often.
16. Which of the following measures of central tendency is especially useful when measuring ordinal data and data that are skewed to either the right or left?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Standard deviation
E. Variance
17. Which of the following measures of central tendency is the best for nominal data?
A. Mean
B. Median
C. Mode
D. Standard deviation
E. Variance
18. The minimum and maximum values for five data sets are given below. Pick the pair that has the maximum range.
A. 3 and 39
B. 30 and 40
C. 500 and 501
D. 49 and 59
E. 1029 and 1049
19. Which of the following statements about the Chi-square test is true?
A. Chi-square analysis compares the observed frequencies of the responses with the expected frequencies.
B. When the differences between observed and expected frequencies are large, one must accept the null hypothesis.
C. The larger the Chi-square, the less likely it is that the two variables that are measured are related.
D. The expected frequencies in a Chi-square cannot be calculated theoretically.
E. Categorical data from questions about sex, education, or other nominal variables cannot be tested with this statistic.
20. Which of the following is an example of an independent sample?
A. The average number of energy drinks consumed per day by a group of male students is compared to the average number of energy drinks consumed per day by the general population.
B. Male students are compared to female students on the average number of hours they study each weekday.
C. The average amount spent on fashion magazines per month by a group of teenagers is compared to the average amount spent on sports magazines per month by the same group of teenagers.
D. The average amount spent on purchasing cosmetics by women in their early 30s to the average amount they spend on purchasing fashion accessories.
E. The time spent by a group of female students in the library is compared to the time spent by them in the cafeteria.
21. Which of the following statements is true about the t-test?
A. The t-test provides a mathematical way of determining if the difference between the two sample means occurred by chance.
B. The larger the value of the standard error of the difference between the two means, the larger the value of t.
C. The t-test cannot be used when the population standard deviation is unknown.
D. In order to conduct a t-test, the sample size should be larger than 30.
E. The t-test cannot be used for interval or ratio data.
22. In a one-way ANOVA, the term “one-way” is used because:
A. the differences are always positive as they are all squared before being added.
B. the F-statistic can move in only one direction.
C. only one independent variable is used in the analysis.
D. only one mean is used as the null hypothesis.
E. the null hypothesis always states that there is no difference between the dependent variable groups.
23. In the context of the analysis of variance, which of the following is true?
A. It can determine the statistical difference between three or more means.
B. It requires that the dependent variable be nonmetric.
C. It requires that the independent variable not be categorical.
D. The null hypothesis for ANOVA always states that there is a difference between the dependent variable groups.
E. It requires that the dependent variable be categorical
Explanation / Answer
1. Sampling units are the:
A. target population elements available for selection during the sampling process.
2. Jamie Nelson works for a telephone company. She is interested in determining the satisfaction of people with the service provided by the company (for landline customers only). She decides to draw her sample from the telephone directory. For Jamie’s research, the telephone directory is serving as a(n):
C. sampling frame.
3. The difference between probability sampling and nonprobability sampling is that in nonprobability sampling:
E. sampling error is not known.
6. A researcher does not have the resources or time to do a probability sample. She wants to do a convenience sample, but she also wants to make sure that all ethnicities are fairly represented in her sample. What kind of sampling would you recommend to her?
B. Quota sampling
8. An example of fraud in the data validation process is when the interviewer:
A. contacts the respondent simply to get a name and address and then proceeds to falsify the interview.
9. The process where the raw data are checked for mistakes made by either the interviewer or the respondent is known as _____.
C. editing/cleaning
10. When conducting a survey, a researcher decides to assign a value of 1 if the respondent is male and a value of 2 if the respondent is a female. By assigning numbers to different genders, the researcher is engaged in the process of:
A. coding.
11. The simple process of counting the number of observations (cases) that are classified into certain categories is known as _____.
A. tabulation
12. Calculate the mode of the following raw responses: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8.
C. 6
13. Calculate the range of the following raw responses: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5, 5, 6, 6, 6, 7, 8.
D. 6
14. The mean is best defined as the:
D. middle value of a rank-ordered distribution.
15. Which of the following is true of the mean?
D. The mean can be distorted if when extreme values are included in the distribution.
16. Which of the following measures of central tendency is especially useful when measuring ordinal data and data that are skewed to either the right or left?
B. Median
17. Which of the following measures of central tendency is the best for nominal data?
D. Standard deviation
18. The minimum and maximum values for five data sets are given below. Pick the pair that has the maximum range.
A. 3 and 39
19. Which of the following statements about the Chi-square test is true?
C. The larger the Chi-square, the less likely it is that the two variables that are measured are related.
20. Which of the following is an example of an independent sample?
B. Male students are compared to female students on the average number of hours they study each weekday.
21. Which of the following statements is true about the t-test?
A. The t-test provides a mathematical way of determining if the difference between the two sample means occurred by chance.
22. In a one-way ANOVA, the term “one-way” is used because:
C. only one independent variable is used in the analysis.
23. In the context of the analysis of variance, which of the following is true?
A. It can determine the statistical difference between three or more means.
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