1. The difference between probability sampling and nonprobability sampling is th
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Question
1. The difference between probability sampling and nonprobability sampling is that in nonprobability sampling:
A. each sampling unit in the defined target population has a known probability of being selected for the sample.
B. observed differences in sample findings can be partially attributed to the existence of sampling errors.
C. the results can be generalized to the target population within a specified margin of error.
D. the researcher is able to judge the reliability and validity of data collected by calculating the probability.
E. sampling error is not known.
2. Which of the following is true of convenience sampling?
A. Using convenience samples to develop constructs and scales can be risky.
B. It is a time-consuming process when there are a large number of respondents.
C. It is commonly used in the later stages of research.
D. The representativeness of the sample can be measured because sampling error estimates are not calculated.
E. It is commonly used to generalize results to the target population.
3.Which of the following is an example of curbstoning?
A. Respondents improperly filling out the questionnaire
B. An interviewer filling out the instrument without interviewing the respondent
C. An interviewer contacting respondents by phone and then recording their observations
D. An interviewer interviewing respondents and recording their observations
E. Respondents being unreachable
Explanation / Answer
(1) The difference between probability sampling and non probability sampling is that in non probability sampling,sampling error is not known.because the idea of calculation of sampling error is based on mathematical concepts which are not applicable to non-random sampling method.whereas,the random sampling method is based on the theory of probability which is a mathematical concept,and so it is possible to determine the sampling error under this method.
(2) Using convenience sampling to develop constructs and scale can be risky.Because units of samples selected under this method hardly represent the universe and this method is highly influenced by the bias and personal convenience of the investigator.
(3) An interviewer filling out the instrument without interviewing the respondent is an example of curbstoning. In survey research curbstoning refers to the deliberate fabrication of survey interview data by the interviewer to avoid the work of actually conducting the survey.In this example the interviewer himself fillsout the instrument without actually conducting the survey,thereby manipulating the survey data to its convenience.
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