tives LO6 Cellular Respiration (Chapter 7) Accessibility Mode Open in Word 6. Ce
ID: 274596 • Letter: T
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tives LO6 Cellular Respiration (Chapter 7) Accessibility Mode Open in Word 6. Cellular Respiration-Chapter 7 The Principles of Energy Harvest 1. Explain how redox reactions allow for energy transfers between molecules (7.1) 2. Identify phosphorylation and oxidation/reduction reactions (7.1) 3. Describe the molecules that are oxidized or reduced in cellular respiration (7.1) 4. Explain how the free energy of a molecule is related to its structure (7.1) The Process of Cellular Respiration Describe the four main stages of cellular respiration and draw where each stage occurs in a eukaryotic cell (7.1 5. 6. Explain why ATP is required for the preparatory steps of glycolysis (7.2) 7. Describe the anatomy of the mitochondria and draw where cellular respiration processes occur (7.3) Explain how the exergonic "slide" of electrons down the electron transport chain is coupled to the endergonic production of ATP (7.5) 8. Metabolic Integration scribe the purpose of fermentation (7.6) 10. Describe the anabolic reactions that occur when there is excess glucose (7.6) 11. Describe how food molecules other than glucose can be used to make ATP (7.7) 12. Explain how ATP production is modulated by feedback control (7.7) Tie it all together Describe the overall free energy change of cellular respiration. Use a box-and-arrow schematic to draw the inputs and outputs among the stages of cellular respiration 1. 2. 3. Describe the summary equation for cellular respiration and where in the process 4. Explain the relative ATP yields of fermentation, oxidation of glucose, and 5· Predict how changes in one part of the process will affect respiration overall each reactant is used and each product is formed. oxidation of a 16-carbon fatty acid.Explanation / Answer
Answering a section of a question clearly based on CHEGG rules.
Metabolic Integration:
9. Fermentation is used to replenish NAD+ for glycolysis using . Ex: Lactic acid fermentation i.e pyruvate converted to lactic acid releasing NAD+ (Lactic aciid fermentation in contracting muscles) or pyruvate to acetaldehyde followed by alcohol releasing NAD+ (Alcoholic fermentation in yeast).
10. Excess of glucose gets stored in the liver where it is phosphorylated into glucose 6 phosphate followed by metaboliszed into triglycerides, fatty acids or glycerol. Anythin in excess will be stored as fat in the adipose tissues.
11.Proteins broken down into amino acids would lead to formation of ammonia, along with release of some amount of energy. However, fat broken down would lead to release of substantial amount of energy (ATP) as fats bbroken down to fatty acids which undergo oxidation to give 2 carbon pyruvate which again enters the citric acid cycle to produce ATP. Fats are ready source of energy that helps to replenish the glucose effect and leads to loss of fat in overweight people.
12. If there is reduced ATP levels, glucose within the system gets broken down to produce more ATP. ATP is a negative regulator of PFK. If plenty of ATP is there, glycolysis does not take place whereas AMP (at a time when ATP levels are low) is a posiitive regulator of phosphofructokinase(PFK), turning on glycolysis to produced ATP. If citrate builds up it negatively regulates PFK and prevents glycolysis. Isoctitrate dehydrogenase is also inhibited by ATP and NADH. Alpha keto glutarate dehydrogenase is allso negatively regulated when there is excess of ATP. Thus ratio between AMP/ATP regulates the metabolic steps pertaining to glucose oxidation.
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