What is a result of a ruptured mast cell releasing histamines? A) Capillaries ar

Question

What is a result of a ruptured mast cell releasing histamines? A) Capillaries are constricted to increase blood pressure B) Histamines escape the body C) Inflammation D) Leukocyte activity is inhibited E) Heart rate decreases What allows the body to be immune to the virus that it has been exposed before? A) Cytotoxic T-cells B) Helper T-cells C) Antibodies D) Antigens E) Memory cells Which is NOT TRUE about antibodies? A) They are surface proteins on B-Cells B) They are surface proteins on T-Cells C) They tag pathogens for destruction D) They are generated by antigens E) They're a cell that attack viruses An example of the 1st line of defense is: A) memory cells B) skin C) T-cells D) antibodies Clonal selection results: A) when B-cell antibodies bind to a bacterium B) in production of two cell types ) in an immune response D) all of the above ) none of the above

Explanation / Answer

1. Histamines are stored in granular form in mast cells and are released to increase the permeability of blood vessels, so that immune cells can move from blood to the affected area leading to the inflammation( redning and swelling).

Histamines are not escaped From the body and they lead to dilation of capillaries to increase blood pressure.

Hence option (C) is correct.

2. B lymphocytes of our immune system make antibodies that help in the killing of pathogen. They also produce memory cells, that remember the antigen causing disease earlier. When the same pathogen infects body again, these memory cells produce antibodies at faster rate and thus help in preventing infection.

Hence option (E) is correct.

3. The antibodies are surface proteins produced by B lymphocytes and are activated by the entry of pathogen (antigen). They mark the pathogens as foreign substances, which are then engulfed by macrophages.

Antibodies are not the surface proteins of T cells but they are surface proteins of B cells.

Hence option (B) is correct.

4. The ist line of immune system includes skin which acts as a physical barrier for pathogens. If the skin is cut due to injury, then pathogen enters the body and 2nd line defence system is activated which involves immune system ( T cells, antibodies, memory cells,B cells etc).

Hence option (B) is correct.

5. In clonal selection, the pre existing group of cells ( B cells) are activated by specific antigen to multiply and produce clones which then produce antibodies. It is an immune response in which two types of cells are produced I,e Helper cells and memory cells.

Hence option (D) is correct.

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