DrCI3t y agent Calicer to Lactate Apoptosis min while to greatly vell-estab- Int

Question

DrCI3t y agent Calicer to Lactate Apoptosis min while to greatly vell-estab- Introduction sis which drogenase lism. Our anisms by to the normal cells from which they derive, cancer cells are Cell lines metabolically reprogrammed, preferentially utilizing gly- alyzed for colysis even under conditions of sufficient oxygen, a phe- death and nomenon known as the Warburg effect [1]. To compensate ytometry, for lost ATP as a result of preferential glycolysis (vs. Images of progression through oxidative phosphorylation), cancer confocal cells up-regulate genes encoding glucose transporters and using the glycolytic enzymes such as pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase analysis. (PDK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). This high rate of in com- glucose uptake and altered metabolism not only provides st cancer ATP and allows cells to survive under hypoxic conditions: mage is it also provides biosynthetic building blocks such as ich also intermediates and substrates for the production of amino Cancer metabolism is a developing into a promising area for development of new therapeutic approaches. Compared acids, NADPH, and ribose-5-phosphate which are essential for nucleotide, protein, and membrane synthesis necessary in rapidly dividing cells. This also means the mitochondrial TCA cycle generates a lower percentage of ATP, allowing citrate to be used in fatty acid and lipid biosynthesis for the roduction of new membranes [2]. Much of the glycolysis- Springer ndria

Explanation / Answer

They are referring to Pentose phosphate pathway. It has several major functions such as,

i. Production of NADPH which is used for fatty acid biosynthesis

ii. Production of ribose-5-phosphate which is used for nucleic acid biosynthesis.

They are also referring to lactic acid fermentation which provides ATP and regenerates NAD+ for the continued occurrence of glycolysis. It can occur in anaerobic conditions also.

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