7. What is the function of tRNA? How the structural aspects of tRNA (the “L” sha

Question

7. What is the function of tRNA? How the structural aspects of tRNA (the “L” shape, the key components anticodon and amino acid carrying arms) links the function of tRNA?

8. What molecules catalyze the peptide bond formation between amino acids? Where are P site and A site located, large or small subunit? What type of RNAs do ribosomes contain in their structure?

9. What molecules are involved in the translation initiation? What codons help the start and the termination of translation? Which site does the start tRNA occupy in the initiation process? How the peptide is elongated in 3-step cycles? What happens when the ribosomes read a stop codon?

10. What is a mutation? What are the consequences of single nucleotide mutation at the DNA level and protein level? What does mutagenesis mean? What type of mutagens can we see in daily life?

11. What is a virus? What structural components can be found in viruses?

12. What are lytic cycle and lysogenic cycle of a bacteriophage? Which one has the slower pace of phage replication? What is a prophage?

Explanation / Answer

Answer for question number 7 : tRNA is transfer RNA. It keeps ribosomes supplied with amino acids, required for protein synthesis, “translating” messenger RNA from a binary code to a physical polypeptide. There are 30+ different tRNA species “floating around” in the cytosol, supplying different amino acids. A tRNA with an anticodon that matches whichever codon is in place on the ribosome clicks into place. The codon and anticodon fit together like two pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.

To give an example if the codon on mRNA is AUG, the tRNA with anticodon UAC carrying methionine will bind to mRNA at ribosome.

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