Hello! Please help me with the parts to this question-page (19,20,21,22,23)!! I\
ID: 269681 • Letter: H
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Hello! Please help me with the parts to this question-page (19,20,21,22,23)!! I'm desperate and have the AP test this week. A letter answer and short explanation would be so so helpful!
Questions 19-23 In response to elevated blood glucose le Insulin vels, beta ?cells in the pancreas release insulin a regulatory hormone. from the blood, which returns blood glucose levels back to normal. Type I diabetes is an autoimmune disorder that destroys p-cells, resulting in cells to take up glucose from the blood, which returns blood glcose levels back to elevated blood glhucose levels that haver chens have proposed that diabetes could be treated by implanting human embayonic stem celts ChEScs) that have been induced to develon iso calls hsc8 Te test the proposed treatment, the researchers set up wo groups of genetically identical mice and implanted the mice from one group with after the hESC-B implant, both groups of mice were given a drug (STZ) that selectively destroys the naturally occurring mouse ßcells but does not affect the implanted hESC-? cells. Figure 1 shows a comparison of average blood glucose levels in both groups of mice. hESC-? cells. Several weeks Mice without hESC-? implant -4. Mice with hESC-B implant 500- 400 g 300 200 100 Time After STZ. Administration (weeks) Figure 1. Average blood glucose levels in mice after STZ treatment. Error bars indicate standard deviation. In a continuation of the experiment, the researchers removed the hESC-B implant from one ofthe mice 16 weeks after STZ treatment. Figure 2 shows the blood glucose levels in the mouse over the duration of the experiment 600T 3 500 400 300t Cells Implanted STZ Implant Administered Removed 100 0 48 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 Time After Implantation of hESC-cells (weeks) Figure 2. Blood glucose levels for an individual mouse over the duration of the experiment.Explanation / Answer
19) D. Injecting the mice in the experiment with sucrose or fructose
It has been seen in figure 1, that after drug administrattion hESC maintained blood glucose level whereas in other mice drug dsetroyed the normal beta cell resulting in the increased blood glucose level. Therefore the activity of the hESCs as beta cell can be confirmed by increasing the concentration of sugar in blood and observing whether the hESCs is capable of maintaining blood sugar level.
20) B) Implanted hESCs-Beta cells are effective at regulating blood glucose levels in the absence of mouse beta cells
The figure 1 graph clearly shows the decreased blood glucose level due to implanted hESC in the mouse whereas the increased blood glucose level is observed in the non-implanted mice (in which the normal beta cells are destroyed after drug administration)
21) D) The mouse with an implant hESC-beta cell successfully regulated blood glucose level after STZ treatment but not after the implant was removed.
STZ treatment destroyed normal beta cell but was ineffective on hESC beta cell, which effectively regulated blood glucose level. But when this implant was removed, as shown in figure 2, it gradually raised the blood glucose level, indicating that implant was capable of effectively regulating the blood glucose level.
22) A) The treatment would fail because insulin produced by implanted hESC-beta cell will not stimulate glucose uptake by the body cell
Implanted hESC acts as beta cell of pancreas that functions to secrete insulin in response to increased blood glucose level but will not function as cell that uptakes glucose. Therefore the insulin secretion will be increased and as the body cell does not respond to insulin, the blood glucose level will be increased.
23) C) Increased insulin secretion by hESC beta cells -------increased glucose uptake by body cells ------> decreased insulin secretion by hESC beta cells
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