Section 8 questions in this section (S points each oocurs in two phases: name th

Question

Section 8 questions in this section (S points each oocurs in two phases: name them and Eive a short explanation is a monocional antibody against Her2, used to treat some breast cancer patients. What is Her2? Who should and who should not get Herceptin? 3. What is the experimental purpose of a knock-in or knock-out of a particular gene? 4. If stem cells are genetically modified and then implanted into a blastocyst and implanted in pseudopregnant female, what is the new born mouse, genetically speaking? 5. In the Cre/LoxP system, what is the function of Crei? Beginning with microinjection of the pronucleus of an egs, describe in a figure you draw h generate a lentivector-reporter green fluorescent protein transgenic mouse 6. RNA interference is a way to find genes involved in specific functions, tissues. What is advantage of RNAi screens as opposed to classical genetic screening with mutations? 7.

Explanation / Answer

1. first stage of drug metabolism is modification of substrate by adding certain polar groups which is commonly catalyzed by enzyme CP450. this phase is ussually carried out in Liver and reactions commonly utilized are oxidation, reduction, addition and removal of oxygen etc.

second phase of drug metabolism is conjugation reaction in which conjugate groups such as glutathione, sulfate and glycine are attched to sites such as -NH2, -COOH, -OH and -SH2 groups. this makes the metabolite heavy and easy to transport and make them less active. and in last phase the conjugates are further metabolized by various enzymes.

2. Her2/neu is human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 is a protein receptor belonging to RTK family and is involve in progression of breast cancer. Her2 is a screening test for breast cancer mutation in Her2/neu gene led to development of breast cancer in people with family history of the same. Herceptin is a drug used to treat Her2 positive breast cancer patients.Her2 negative patients should avoid herceptin as risks overweigh the benefits.

3. the purpose of knock in/out experiments is to study the function of a particular gene in disease development rather than relying on spontaneous mutations in that gene.

4. such mouse is called genetically modified mouse and is used for gene knockout studies to study effect of a particular gene in diseased model created using ES cells.

5. cre lox system is a recombinant DNA technology used to study site specific recombination. cre recombinase is a tyrosine recombinase enzyme derived from P1 bacteriophage which helps in recombining Lox fragments.

6. Lentivirus GFP reporter is produced using GFP transgene and Lentivirus vector which is flanked by LTR both ends. it contains all the crucial gene for viral replication and an insert of GFP reporter gene.

7. RNAi is advantageous over conventional genomic sequencing because it can detect mutations in sequencing which were hard to recover in conventional methods also, redundancies can be found using this method.

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