Explain how environmental agents such as chemicals and radiation cause cancer. M

Question

Explain how environmental agents such as chemicals and radiation cause cancer.

Mastering Biology Ch.16: The Genetics of the Cancer from Genetics (BIO208)

Explain how environmental agents such as chemicals and radiation cause cancer. Check all that apply. The agents directly damage DNA resulting in mutation. The agents directly damage proteins that are necessary for cell division to occur Mutations in cell cycle control genes lead to cancer. Mutations in any gene lead to cancer. Submit Request Answer

Explanation / Answer

Radiation and chemicals are important environmental factors that cause and promote the progression of cancers. The prolonged exposure to radiation suchh as ultraviolet rays mau cause damage in DNA forming thymine dimers. The DNA damage is usually repaired effectively. But, the disruption of DNA and repair enzymes may result in irreversible damage. Mutations are heritable changes that may occur spontaneoiusly or can be induced with chemicals. The harmful chemicals may cause nucleophilic attack on covalent and hydrogen bonds of proteins and enzymes. These changes may result in gene mutations. Mutations in cell cycle regulating genes may result in failure of their normal function and stimulate uncontrolled cell proliferation resulting in cancer. Usually, the chemical and radiation cause transition of genes in which normal proto oncogenes are converted to oncogenes resulting in cancer. A single mutation in any gene maynot affect its function or may result in some defect or genetic disorder but need not be cancer. continuous accumulation of mutations within same gene may result in cancer. therefore, option 1 and 3 are correct.

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