1. What is endomembrane system? List and briefly describe its elements 2. How do
ID: 268458 • Letter: 1
Question
1. What is endomembrane system? List and briefly describe its elements 2. How does the differential centrifugation work and how is the behavior of the particle during the process desctibed? 3. Describe the density gradient centrifugation and how it works 4. Describe functions of rough ER 5. How is rough ER involved in quality control of the proteins? 6. Describe functions of smooth ER 7. How is smooth ER involved in carbohydrate metabolism? 8. How is smooth ER involved in drug detoxification 9. Describe structure and functions of the Golgi complex 10. Describe functions of lysosomes 11. List and describe the steps involved in endocytosis 12. List and describe the steps involved in pinocytosis 13. List and describe the steps involved in phagocytosis 14. Describe structure and function of the clathrin lattice 15. Describe steps and proteins involved in anterograde vesicle transport 16. Describe steps and proteins involved in retrograde vesicle transport 17. What do you need to follow a protein from ER to Golgi to secretory vesicles and to outside of the cell? Design an experiment 18. What is the most interesting for you topic was covered in Randy Scheckman's lecture on vesicle trafficking? Explain 19. Vesicle trafficking disease they presented do not list!Explanation / Answer
The endomembrane system is composed of several membranes suspended in the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell. This system is responsible for the organization of organelles. The organelles of endomembrane system include endoplasmic reticulum, nucleus, golgi, lysosomes, cell membrane, etc.
2. The differential centrifugation separates the particles based on density of the particles. Differential centrifugation is generally used to separate organelles from whole cells. repeated centrifugations are needed. The particle behavior depends on size and density.
3. Density gradient centrifugation involves a density gradient with solutions of cesium salts such as cesium chloride or sucrose. The particles separate based on their density and settle at the corresponding density in the gradient.
4. The functions of RER include formation of disulfide bonds, proper folding, addition and processing of carbohydrates, specific proteolytic cleavage, assembly into multimeric proteins.
5. quality control includes disulfide bond formation, folding, cleavage and processing.
6. Smooth ER acts as the site of lipid biosynthesis, detoxification and calcium regulation.
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