ataan,practice × e.hccs.edu/courses/58059/quizzes/218235/take e ? e In somatic b

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ataan,practice × e.hccs.edu/courses/58059/quizzes/218235/take e ? e In somatic body cells only In gametes only In both somatic body cells and gametes Question 46 2 pts The process by which cells become specialized in structure and function is called [1]. Question 47 2 pts One difference between the electron transport chain (ETC) used for aerobic repiration in the mitochondrion, and the photosynthetic ETC used for photosynthesis in the chloroplast is that the one in the mitochondrion uses as its final electron acceptor, and the one in the chloroplast uses as its final electron acceptor

Explanation / Answer

Ans. #46. Differentiation.

#47. The one in mitochondria uses O2 as its final electron acceptor, and the one in chloroplast uses NADP+ as its final electron acceptor.

#21. Correct option- B. All energy conversions increase the entropy of the universe.

Second law of thermodynamics “the entropy of the entire universe, as an isolated system” always increases with time. None of the energy conversion process is 100% efficient; the efficiency of an energy conversion process in the biological system generally ranges from 30-40%. The rest of energy is dissipated as heat, and other energy forms. The wastage of a large fraction of the energy during conversion increases the overall entropy of the universe as a whole in spite of highly ordered (lower entropy) organization of the living systems.

# First law of thermodynamics states “Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can be transformed from one to another form.”

#22. Regulatory sequences

#15. Active transport, or Secondary active transport. The transport of molecules (or, here H+) against the gradient mediated by energy consumption is called active transport. A Primary active transport uses ATP as source of energy. A secondary active transport uses electrochemical potential energy (in this case, there energy released when the high energy electron gradually releases its energy while its movement through ETC complexes).

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