5. Both epigenetic and genetics can affect gene expression. Below are a few situ

Question

5. Both epigenetic and genetics can affect gene expression. Below are a few situations affecting Protein X. Please describe for each situation if: A) protein X will be more or less transcribed (or no change), AND B) if this is due to genetic or epigenetic changes. A. Mutation in Protein D so it can no longer target Protein X for deacetylation B. Mutation of the consensus sequence in the promoter of Protein X, resulting in increased association with RNA polvmerase C. Mutation in Protein X causing it to be constitutively active D. Protein X acquires three methylation marks at H3K27 in the promoter region .

Explanation / Answer

Epigenetic modifications: These modifications alter the recruitment of RNA polymerase to the gene locus by changing the compactness of the chromatin. Ex: Histone modifications and DNA methylation.

A. Epigenetic. Histone acetylation increases gene expression. If protein X can not be deacetylated, it will be less expressed.

B. Genetic. Mutations in the promoter region alter the gene sequence. Mutations that increase the recruitment of RNA polymerase lead to increased expression of protein X.

C. Genetic. Mutations in the DNA sequence that cause protein X to be constitutively active are genetic and increase the function of the protein (level may change or not).

D. Epigenetic. DNA methylation is an epigenetic repression mark. So, protein X will be less expressed.

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