microbiology b. L 46. Although sporadic outbreaks of measles occur in the United

Question

microbiology

b. L 46. Although sporadic outbreaks of measles occur in the United States, the disease is considered nonendemic. What differentiates measles from endemic diseases, such as chickenpox? a. Endemic diseases exhibit higher numbers of cases than a sporadic outbreak. b. Diseases that are not endemic lack a reservoir in the area. c. Endemic diseases do not exhibit sporadic outbreaks d. Diseases that are not endemic remain in reservoirs without infecting humans. 47. Which of the following would indicate efforts to control a disease are working?

Explanation / Answer

Diseases are considered endemic when they are constantly present in a geographic area. Eg. AIDS is said to be endemic in Africa. In this question, measles is considered as a nonendemic disease because though the disease presents sporadic outbreaks from time to time, it is not present in US in a steady state. The following key factors are to be maintained for a disease to be endemic:

i.  infection is constantly maintained

ii. confined to a geographic area

iii. there is person-to-person transmission of infection

Measles, though measles follows (ii) and (iii), it does not meet the (i) criteria.

Hence, the answer to this question is "diseases that are not endemic lack a reservoir area"

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