31) Which of the following is TRUE? a. Females can be heterozygous for sex-linke

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31) Which of the following is TRUE? a. Females can be heterozygous for sex-linked traits b. All traits on the sex chromosomes are associated with sexual development c. Males are heterozygous for the SRy gene d. The X and Y chromosomes are homologous e. Men pass their Xlinked traits to their sons 32) According to chargaffs rules, _ always pairs with , and _ always pairs with a. A;G;T;C b. A,T,G,C c. A;C;G;T d. C;T;G;A e. G;U;A;C 33) The three steps that are required for DNA replication are a. Unwinding, complementary base pairing, and joining b. Base doubling, unwinding, and joining c. Unwinding, transcription, and translation d. Unwinding, base doubling, and base pairing 34) DNA replication is called semiconservative because a. One of the two resulting DNA molecules is new b. The two resulting DNA molecules each have one new DNA strand and one otd strand from the original DNA molecule c. Both of the resulting DNA molecules are composed of new strands of nucleotides d. No extra nucleotides are incorporated into the replicated DNA molecules e. The sequence of nucleotides in one strand is conserved, whereas the new DNA molecules consists of a unique sequence of nucleotides 35) RNA differs from DNA because RNA a. ls double-stranded, whereas DNA is not b. May double back and base pair with itself, whereas DNA does not c. ls never single-stranded, whereas DNA may or may not be d. Can self-replicate, whereas DNA replication requires enzymes e. ls replicated along with DNA, but does not require strand separation like DNA does 36) Which base is found in DNA, but not RNA? a. Cytosine b. Uracil c. Thymine d. Adenine e. Guanine 37) Using three bases to represent each amino acid in a polypeptide a. Ensures that all amino acids are represented at least once by the code b. Ensures that other organisms can read the code too c. Ensures that DNA can replicate properly d. Prevents early termination of transcription 38) Mutations are uncommon because a. DNA repair enzymes often repair errors b. Physical mutagens such as X-rays seldom damage DNA c. DNA is able to repair itself over time d. Frameshift mutations occur very frequently e. Transposons are constantly moving throughout the genome 39) Which of the following is not an application of transengenic organisms? Bacteria that degrade sludge Corn plants that are resistant to herbicides Bacteria that undergo mutations frequently Cattle that secrete therapeutic proteins into their milk Carrots that produce influenza virus proteins that can be used as vaccines is the study of the structure and function of cellular proteins and their interactions; may be employed to computer algorithms to aid this process. a. Proteomics; bioinformatics b. Comparative genomics; bioinformatics c. Genomics;proteomics d. Proteomics; comparativegenomics e. Comparative genomics; proteomics 41) ln order to clone adult animals, scientists typically begin with a. An isolated sperm cell b. An enucleated egg c. An enucleated liver cell d. A red blood cell e. An enucleated sperm cell a2) A(n) is to reproductive as a(n) is to therapeutic cloning. a. Specialized cell; clone b. Clone; enucleated egg c. Clone; specialized cell d. Embryonic stem cell; adult stem cell e. Enucleated egg; specialized cell 43) Why is it necessary to "starve" the donor cells prior to reproductive cloning? a. To force the cells into Go stage so that the nuclei removed from them will respond to cytoplasmic growth signa ls b. To force the enucleated egg cell into G6 stage so that it would accept the donor nucleus c. To lengthen the telomeres in the donor nucleus d. To make the nucleus "start over" in the S stagb so that the nucleus will be diploid e. To make the nucleus "start over" in the S stage so that the nucleus will be haploid

Explanation / Answer

c a c d a c b c b d a c b

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