Question 5 Th17 cells are often referred to as supporting barrier defenses. This
ID: 262184 • Letter: Q
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Question 5
Th17 cells are often referred to as supporting barrier defenses. This is accomplished by secreting various cytokines. One of the cytokines that Th17 cells are famous for producing is able to support barrier defenses without inducing damaging inflammation. Which one?
IL-2
IL-4
IL-5
IL-17
IL-22
Question 6
This cytokine is essential for the initiation of Th17 cell differentiation.
IL-12
IFN-gamma
IL-6
IL-5
IL-4
Question 7
Adjuvants are capable to enhancing the antigenicity of an antigen by...
Slowly releasing antigen from a site of injection.
Enhancing antigen uptake by antigen presenting cells
Providing signal zero to antigen presenting cells
All of the above are correct
None of the above are correct
Question 8
One difference between variolization and the vaccination process that was developed by Edward Jenner is...
Variolization involves direct exposure of humans to a fully virulent form of a deadly pathogen whereas vaccination does not.
Variolization resulted in a dead rate of approximately 3% whereas vaccination resulted in a 0% death rate.
Variolization required obtaining exudate from the lesions of a smallpox infected person whereas vaccination required obtaining exudate from cowpox-infected cattle.
All the above are correct.
None of the above are correct.
Question 9
Macrophages are plastic in the sense that they can be driven to polarize their function (M1 versus M2) depending on their environment. What is a function of M2 polarized macrophages?
They facilitate repair of tissue damage that might be caused by worms.
They suppress inflammation and the maintenance of M1 macrophages once an infection has been stopped.
They secrete cytokines that can suppress T effector cell function.
All of the above are correct.
None of the above are correct.
Question 10
Which one of the following cytokines is not suppressive of Th17 cell responses?
IFN-gamma
IL-4
TGF-beta
IL-10
IL-1
IL-2
IL-4
Explanation / Answer
5. IL-17
(Th17 cells produce IL-17 and IL-17F, which are proinflammatory and recruit neutrophils and macrophages to infected cells)
6. IL-6
(TGF-? and IL-6 are required for Th17 cell differentiation in vitro)
7. all of the above are correct.
Adjuvants can act in different ways: they help in slow release of antigen that continues to induce immune responses; prolong the presence of antigen in blood; help the APCs to absorb antigen
8. all of the above are correct
Vaccination is safer than variolation.
9. all of the above are correct.
M1 macrophages increase inflammation whereas M2 decrease inflammation and stimulate tissue repair. M1 metabolize arginine to nitric oxide while M2 metabolize arginine to ornithine.
10. IL-10
IL-10 and STAT-1 activating chemokines limit Th17 cell responses.
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