answer the following question a) When James Lind conducted the first controlled

Question

answer the following question

a)

When James Lind conducted the first controlled experiment, the found that the MOST effective treatment for scurvy was:

Select one:

a. Vinegar

b. Sea water

c. Cider

d. Oranges and a lemon

e. A mixture of herbs

b)

The DRI for potassium represents a level of intake that is ______ what the typical American consumes.

Select one:

a. considerably more than

b. considerably less than

c. about the same as

c)

There is only one essential nutrient for which the DRI is higher for women than for men. Which one is it?

Select one:

a. Vitamin C

b. Calcium

c. Iron

d. Vitamin D

d)

Which of the following statements concerning dehydration is/are CORRECT?

Select one:

a. Thirst is a survival mechanism, much like hunger, telling us when to drink.

b. Quenching your thirst is a physiological cue to indicate complete fluid replacement.

c. Thirst decreases as we age, so older adults are at an increased risk of dehydration.

d. Both A and C are CORRECT

e. All of the above are CORRECT

Explanation / Answer

1) Option 'd' is the correct answer.

James Lind, in 1747 showed that oranges and lemons are a cure for scurvy in what is percieved to be the first recorded clinical trial in history. He divided 12 sick sailors into six pairs, and provided each of them with a different supplement in their diet: cider, vitriolic elixir (diluted sulfuric acid), vinegar, sea water, two oranges and a lemon, or a purgative mixture. Only the two sailors who took the fruit improved, even though the oranges and lemons ran out after six days.

2) Option 'c' is the correct answer.

For potassium, no upper limit has been set from dietary sources. The DRI for potassium is about the same as an average american intakes. Because of its well-documented potential for toxicity, supplemental potassium should only be provided under medical supervision.

3) Option 'b' is the correct answer.

Women also are at increased risk of iron-deficiency anemia compared to men due to the monthly blood loss associated with menstruation. The average pre-menopausal woman needs about 18 milligrams of iron per day compared to 8 milligrams for men.

4) Option 'e' is the correct answer.

Every day we lose two quarts of water through our urine, sweat, exhalation, and defecation, on average, and it must be replenished to maintain homeostasis (balance in the body). Dehydration can result in dizziness, headaches, dry mouth, fatigue, muscle cramps and, in severe cases, seizures and death. Thirst is a survival mechanism, much like hunger, telling us when to drink. Quenching your thirst is a physiological cue to indicate complete fluid replacement. As we get older, body water content decreases, the risk for dehydration increases, and the consequences become more serious. The elderly often experience reduced thirst sensation which leads to decreased fluid consumption, especially following water deprivation.

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