23. You are about to perform a PCR reaction to amplify 6g of DNA for future anal

Question

23. You are about to perform a PCR reaction to amplify 6g of DNA for future analysis. What reagents do you need to implement this procedure? 24 The following is an amino acid sequence that is produced from a certain gene: Ser-Leu-Pro-Pro-Trp-GLy-Thr-Ala a. What type of mutation occurred that resulted in the following sequence Ser-Leu-Pro-Pro-Trp-GLy-Thr-Ala b. What type of mutation occurred that resulted in the following sequence: Ser-Leu-Pro-Gin-Trp-GLy-Thr-Ala c What type of mutation occurred that resulted in the following sequence: Ser-Leu-Pro-Pro D, What type of mutation occurred that resulted in the following sequence: Ser-Leu-Pro-Thr-Ser-His-Tyr-Asg 25. What is genetic recombination and how does it occur in eukaryotes? How does it occur in prokaryotes? 26. Elaborate on the three forms of horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes and list what is involved in each

Explanation / Answer

a) Ser-Leu-Pro-Pro-Trp-Gly-Thr-Ala is the the original amino acid sequence. In the mutated form there is no change in the amino acid sequence due to a mutation in DNA sequence. Hence this is a kind of point mutation, silent mutation. This is possible because the genetic code is degenerate and certain codons may code for the same amino acid.

b) Ser-Leu-Pro-Pro-Trp-Gly-Thr-Ala is the original sequence and the mutated sequence has Gln in place of Pro (Ser-Leu-Pro-Gln-Trp-Gly-Thr-Ala). Here a point mutation (mis sense mutation) takes place.

c)Ser-Leu-Pro-Pro- Here a DNA mutation has lead to the premature termination of polypeptide chain due to the STOP codon. This type of mutation id called Non-sense mutation

d) This is an example of frameshift mutation. Here the addition or removal of a base alters the reading frame of the gene thus leading to a completly new amino acid sequence from the point of insertion or deletion of a new codon.

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