Academic Integrity: tutoring, explanations, and feedback — we don’t complete graded work or submit on a student’s behalf.

1. The structure responsible for bacterial attachment to the host tissue or toot

ID: 260320 • Letter: 1

Question

1. The structure responsible for bacterial attachment to the host tissue or tooth surfaces A. Fimbriae B. Flagella D. All of the above E.) A and C 2. A bacterial/human relationship where the existence of the bacteria do not harm or benefit from the host A. Commensalismm Mutualism C. Parasitism D. All of the above E. None of the above 3. Viraemia is A. Entry of viruses into the bloodstream B. Entry of viruses into the Centrai Nerveus System C. Spread of viruses to all body organs D. All of the above E. None of the above 4. An endotoxin A. Is part of cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria B. Is a lipopolysaccharide C. Causes endotoxic shock Is a cell wall constituent E. B-D 5. Tuberculosis is A. Caused by Mycoplasma pneumonia B.Associated with HIV/AIDS epidemic in SA Common cold D. Caused by Haemophilus influenza

Explanation / Answer

Answer 1

Option E is correct i.e "A & C".

Explanation

Pili are the hair like projections that protrude from the bacterial surface and the term fimbria is most commonly used to describe pili and its function is helping in attachment of bacteria to the host surface. Whereas flagella, plays an important role in locomotion or motility.

Answer 2

Option A is correct i.e "Commensalism".

Explanation

It is a type of associatiopn between the two organisms where one organism benefit from the other without affecting or harm the other. In mutualism both organisms benefit from each other. In parasitism, one organism get benefit and other get harm.

But if the question is neither of the organism harm the other organism and do not get benefit from the other then the correct answer will be neither of the above.

Answer 3

Option 4 is correct i.e " All of the above".

Explanation

Viraemia term describes a medical condition where virus enters the blood stream and later on spread to other organs of the body like Central nervous system, muscle tissues etc.

Answer 4

Option B is correct i.e " It is a lipopolysaccharide".

Explanation

It is a part of outermembrane of the gram negative bacteria and not a cell wall constituent.

Answer 5

Option B is correct i.e "associated with HIV in south africa".

Explanation

HIV is the driving force for TB in south africa. The war against TB get never ends untill we diminish the prevalence of HIV in society.

Answer 6

Option B is correct i.e " affect mostly frontal and maxillary sinuses".

Explanation

It is caused by allergy, air pollution or due to any infection. Many viruses that does not reside within the normal flora or not a part of endogenous organisms like haemophilus influenza can also cause chronic sinusitis. It affects the frontal and maxillary sinus cavities.

Answer 7

Option E is correct i.e " A to C".

Explanation

Older children are mostly affected with Neisseria meningitis (meningococcus) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (serotypes 6, 9, 14, 18 and 23) and by Haemophilus influenzae type B.

Answer 8

Option D is correct i.e " A and B".

Explanation

Septicaemia also termed as sepsis, it is a life threatening condition i.e characterized by presence of bacteria in the blood circulation and sepsis causes the release of proinflammatory cytokines like Tumor necrosis factor, IL-6, IL-2 etc.

Answer 9

Option E is correct i.e " A to C".

Explanation

Cystitis is an inflammation of bladder and mostly cause of inflammation in bladder is UTI (urinary tract infection) and pyuria is a medical condition in which urine contains the white blood cells and it is a sign of UTI. Bacteriauria is the presence of bacteria in the urine.

Answer 10

Option C is correct i.e " Patient isolation".

Explanation

Standard precautions involves hand hygiene, Hand Hygiene, Personal Protective Equipment, Needlestick and Sharps Injury Prevention, Cleaning and Disinfection, Respiratory Hygiene, Waste Disposal and Safe Injection Practices.

Answer 11

All the options are correct because sterilization removes or kills all the forms of life (Fungi, bacteria, viruses, bacterial spores) and biological agents.