3. You are a graduate student studying how cancer can be caused by cell cycle de
ID: 260144 • Letter: 3
Question
3. You are a graduate student studying how cancer can be caused by cell cycle deregulation. You decide to do a CRISPR genome-wide knockout screen (knocking out every possible gene in the genome individually) to find genes that are important in regulating the cell cycle. One gene comes out of your screen, where knocking it out allows the cells to divide uncontrollably (a cancerous phenotype). This gene encodes for protein X. After some digging through the primary literature you find that protein X is known to have an interaction with an E3 ligase that targets M- cyclin. How does knocking out protein X result in deregulation of the cell cycle through this E3 ligase it is known to interact with? Provide complete molecular details.Explanation / Answer
Protein X allows uncontrollable cell division which after interacting with E3 ligagase ( known to degrade cyclins ) will degrade the M-cyclins. Degradation of M-cyclin will lead to the loss of normal cell cycle control during tumurogenesis. Cyclins are the regulatory sub-unit of CDKs (cyclin dependent kinases) cyclin-CDKs complexe functions as Checkpoint kinases of specific proteins that will regulate the progression through cell cycle. M- cyclins promotes the transition of cell from G2 to M phase. it will check if there is any damage or problem with the cell then it will block the transition from G2 to M phase.
If the M-cyclin checkpont will be degraded by the cell then there is no control on the cell and the protein X will promote the formation of cancer.
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