1. The HPV genome is composed of six early (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, and E7) open-rea

Question

1. The HPV genome is composed of six early (E1, E2, E4, E5, E6, and E7) open-reading frames (ORF), two late (L1 and L2) ORFs, and a non-coding long control region (LCR). Which is (are) important for cancer development?_____________

2. Regarding the HPV life cycle, Choose all that apply:

a. The virus matures in the deep layers of epithelium

b. The p97 promoter is activated in the late stages of the infection cycle

c. Activation of the p670 promoted occurs initially during the infection cycle

d. The virus infection cycle is timed with the differentiation of keratynocytes

e. The E4 proteins is necessary for packaging

3. Do you agree with the following statement?: High-risk, cancer-associated, HPV requires only the existence of an episomal component

4. Which medication in HPV treatment works by activation of the immune system to fight the virus?

a. Acyclovir

b. miconazole.

c. Sincecatechin

d. Podofilox

e. None of the above

5. How does Immiquimod trigger an immune response? In your response specify the cellular targets and molecular pathways activated:

6. Select the correct choice. In the video 60 Minutes Special “Lethal Medicine” video shown in class, Cryptococcus caused an outbreak with more than 700 individuals sickened and 48 deaths. Why did this happen?

a. The Food and Drug administration failed to perform inspections

b. A petroleum refinery was located too close to the pharmacy

c. A disgruntled employee contaminated the medicine that was sold and administered to patients

d. The pharmacy attempted to become a wholesale manufacturer without oversight by the FDA

e. The individuals that became infected with the fungus were originally immuno-deficient

7. Select the correct choice. According to the Ebola documentary shown in class, in which case is Ebola transmission not possible?

a. Hunting of bush type of animals

b. Consumption of cooked bush meat

c. Consumption of uncooked bush meat

d. Preparation of raw bush meat for cooking

e. Domestication monkeys as pets

Select the incorrect choice. The reason why Liberia’s food markets continued to sell bush meat albeit the government’s warnings of the Ebola Outbreak was:

a. The population’s distrust in the government

b. Exportation of bush meat to the US was in high demand

c. The population’s belief that the government was cunningly trying to obtain international aid funding

Explanation / Answer

1) E6 and E 7 modulate cell cycle and responsible for cancer development.

2)

3) True As they maintain viral episomes in the indifferentiated keratinocytes.

4)  d. Podofilox

5)The precise mechanism of action by which imiquimod and its analogues activatethe immune system is not clear. However, imiquimod probably works by stimulating the immune system to release a number of cytokines, which areimportant in elimination of viruses and destroying of cancer cells.

6) e. The individuals that became infected with the fungus were originally immuno-deficient

7) b. Consumption of cooked bush meat

8) b. Exportation of bush meat to the US was in high demand

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