: When Sheila and Tyrone\'s daughter Mallory was born, on June 12. Anika was pre

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: When Sheila and Tyrone's daughter Mallory was born, on June 12. Anika was pregnant. after she mis... When Sheila and Tyrone's daughter Mallory was born, on June 12. Anika was pregnant. after she missed her period. Anika and her husband. Jeremy, were thrilled at the news, Anika's last menstrual period began on April 3, and she's taken a pregnancy test a week because a few months earlier she'd also thought she was pregnant. At that time, she had started cramping and bleeding, and an ultrasound scan showed an empty sac- there was no embryo. Anika knew from her biology classes that this probably meant that a sperm had entered a polar body, which is a product of meiosis in the female that has very little cytoplasm and is not the functional equivalent of an oocyte. The hormonal changes typical of pregnancy had ensued anyway, which was why her pregnancy test had been positive. For the current pregnancy, at her first prenatal visit to an obstetrician, an ultrasound scan confirms that Anika is in her fifth week. This time, instead of an empty sac, the embryo looks like a lima bean with a pulsating blip in the center- beating heart. As Anika gazes at the ultrasound screen in wonder. a nurse looks over her chart and asks about an acne drug, Accutane, that Anika had taken for several years. The drug. a derivative of vitamin A. interferes with prenatal development at the fourth week. disrupting formation of facial features, causing structural defects of the heart, and leading to low IO and learning disabilities. Fortunately, Anika knew all about these effects and had long since stopped taking the drug. However, the nurse frowns when she sees a notation for another drug that Anika is currently taking for a skin condition- the antibiotic doxycycline. This drug can cause tooth discoloration in childhood following exposure as a fetus.

5. When Anika learns that she is pregnant for the second time, which of the following has already happened? a) fertilization only b) ovulation only c) inner cell mass formation, but not blastocyst formation d) gastrulation, but not blastocyst formation e) formation of three primordial germ layers

6. When Mallory is born, her future second cousin already has a) a placenta b) eyebrows c) nipples d) nails e) a neural tube

7. The time whena drug affects a prenatal human is called its ___ period a) menstrual b) genetic c) obstetric d) critical e) chronological

8. A drug such as Accutane likely causes likely causes more severe birth defects than a drug such as doxycycline because a)it acts earlier in development b) it acts later in development c) it causes dominant mutations d) it causes recessive mutations e)it kills sperm

Explanation / Answer

5) Formation of 3 primordial layers.

6) a placenta

7) Obstetric

8) It acts later in the development.

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