The purpose of this case study is to help you integrate the managerial accountin
ID: 2579221 • Letter: T
Question
The purpose of this case study is to help you integrate the managerial accounting concepts that were covered in class and apply them to a real-world business setting. Business Description You will assume the role of an entrepreneur starting a small company. Your company will produce and sell gourmet cupcakes through a storefront in a location of your choice. Your business is scheduled to launch on January 1, 2018.
Cost information:
1 Cost of goods sold: a. Ingredients are .30 per cupcake b. Boxes and Cupcake Cups are .05 per cupcake
2 Equipment that will be required to be acquired at the start of business includes ovens, racks, display case, counter, cash register, and other baking equipment andwill cost $140,000. The equipment is expected to last 10 years without salvage value. Straight-line method of depreciation should be used.
3 On average one person can make, bake, and decorate 24 cupcakes per hour. Bakers are paid $15.00 per hour.
4 Sales personnel are required for 56 hours per week and are paid $10.00 per hour.
5 Monthly rent, which includes utilities, is $1,500.
6 Business insurance is purchased at a cost of $1,000 per year.
7 Advertising costs are expected to be $6,000 per year.
Requirements: Using separate tabs in a spreadsheet, provide your answers for the following.
1 Name your company (5 points)
2 What and how much are the variable costs? Present each item in cost per cupcake basis (5 points).
3 What and how much are the fixed costs? Present each item in total cost per year (5 points).
4 Write out the annual cost formula in Y = a + bX format (5 points).
5 Develop a price using a target price (what do you think a customer will pay for one of your cupcakes? What are other companies charging for gourmet cupcakes?)Provide support for your target price(10 points).
6 Develop a price using cost-based pricing assuming that you expect to sell 24,000 cupcakes the first yearand would like to have a 20% profit (10 points).
7 Using the price you calculated using cost based pricing in #6, calculate contribution margin per cupcake and contribution margin ratio(5 points).
8 Based on the price you calculated in #6, calculate how many cupcakes need to be sold in order to break-even. Calculate how much sales in dollars are needed to break-even (10 points). 9 Prepare a cost/volume/profit chart (15 points).
10 Prepare the company’s forecasted functional income statement for the year ended on 12/31/2018 based on the sale of 36,000 cupcakes (10 points).
11 Based on the sale of 36,000 cupcakes during the first year of business, calculate the margin of safety and the operating leverage for the business. What do these figures tell you about how risky the business is? (15 points)
12 If sales could increase by 10% (to 39,600 cupcakes), by how much in dollars would net operating income increase? By what percentage would net operating income increase? Use the formula for leverage to calculate (5 points).
13 Prepare a contribution format income statement assuming sales of 39,600 cupcakes (10 points).
14 Calculate how many cupcakes need to be sold in order to make a $50,000 target profit for the year (5 points).
15 Calculate the total amount of cash that will be needed at the start of the business in order to buy all necessary equipment and machines and cover the first three months of fixed expenses. This amount will be your initial investment in the business. Note that the equipment will be paid in full on the first day of business. Other expenses will be paid on a monthly basis (10 points).
16 Prepare a cash budget for the company’s first year of operations based on the sales calculated in item 14. Assume all sales are cash sales and that all costs and expenses are paid in cash. You decide to maintain a minimum cash balance of $5,000 (15 points).
17 After your thorough analyses of costs, sales, and profitability of your cupcake business throughout this project, what is your overall impression of the future potential of the business? Provide a short assessment (10 points).
Explanation / Answer
1. Name of Company - Yummy Mummy cakes.
2. Variable Cost
Calculation of Variable Costs
Particulars
Amount ($ per cupcake)
Cost of Goods Sold
0.30
Boxes and cupcakes
0.05
Direct Labor cost ($15 / 24 cupcake per hour)
0.625
Total Manufacturing Variable overheads
0.975
Variable Selling & Admin expense
Sales personnel ($10 / 24 cupcake per hour)
0.4167
TOTAL Variable Cost
1.39167
3. Calculation of Fixed Costs
Particulars
Amount ($)
Depreciation on equipment (140,000 / 10 years)
14,000
Monthly Rent
1,500 x 12 = 18,000
Insurance
1,000
Advertising Cost
6,000
Total Fixed Cost
39,000
4. Annual Cost Formula
Let x be the number of units produced and sold in an year and Y be the annual cost. Annual Cost Formula:
Y = 39,000 + 1.39167 * x
5. Not sure what to do in this part.
6. Price on the basis of cost based pricing.
Cost based pricing is of two types, in the absence of the type we have assumed full cost based pricing.
Price of the product = Variable Cost + Fixed Cost + percentage markup(20%) on total cost
= 1.39167 + (39,000 / 24,000) + 20% x 3.01667 = $3.62 per cupecake
Particulars
Amount
Sales Revenue ($3.62x 24,000)
86,880
Less Variable Cost ($1.39167 x 24,000)
33,400
Contribution Margin
53,480
Less: Fixed Cost
39,000
Net Profit
14,480
7. Contibution Margin & Ratio
Particulars
Amount
Sales Revenue ($3.62x 24,000)
86,880
Less Variable Cost ($1.39167 x 24,000)
33,400
Contribution Margin
53,480
Contibution Ratio = Contribution Margin / Sales = 53,480 / 86,880 = 61.556%
8. Calculation of Break Even sales
Break even number of sales = Fixed Cost / Contribution per cupcake
Fixed Cost = $39,000
Contribution per cupcake = $3.62 - $1.39167 = $2.228 per cupcake
Break even point = 39,000 / 2.228 = 17,501 units of cupcake
Break even in sales in $ = 17,501 x $3.62 = $63,354
9. Don't have answer to this part.
10. Functional Income Statement
Particulars
Amount
Sales Revenue ($3.62x36,000)
130,320
Less: Variable Cost
Cost of Goods Sold (0.30 x 36,000)
10,800
Boxes (0.05 x 36,000)
1,800
Labor Cost (0.625 x 36,000)
22,500
Sales Personnel (0.4167 x 36,000)
15,000
Contribution Margin
80,220
Less: Fixed Cost
39,000
Net Profit
41,220
11. Margin of Safety = Sales Revenue - Break even sales
= 130,320 - 63,354 = $66,966
Operating Leverage = Contribution / Operating Income
= 80,220 / 41,220 = 1.94 times.
12. 12. Increase in net operating income = 1.94 times x 10% = .194
This means operating income increase = 41,220 x .194 = $7996.68 Approx
% Increase in net income = 19.40% or 1.94 x 10% = 19.4%
13. Contribution margin sheet
rticulars
Amount
Sales Revenue ($3.62x39,600)
143,352
Less: Variable Cost
Cost of Goods Sold (0.30 x 39,600)
11,880
Boxes (0.05 x 39,600)
1,980
Labor Cost (0.625 x 39,600)
24,750
Sales Personnel (0.4167 x 39,600)
16,501
Contribution Margin
88,241
14. Cupcakes to be sold for profit of $50,000
Contribution Margin required = Fixed Cost + Profit = 39,000 + 50,000 = $89,000
Contribution margin per cupcake = $2.22833
Cupcakes to be sold = 89,000 / 2.22833 = 39,940 cupcakes
Particulars
Amount ($ per cupcake)
Cost of Goods Sold
0.30
Boxes and cupcakes
0.05
Direct Labor cost ($15 / 24 cupcake per hour)
0.625
Total Manufacturing Variable overheads
0.975
Variable Selling & Admin expense
Sales personnel ($10 / 24 cupcake per hour)
0.4167
TOTAL Variable Cost
1.39167
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