please (TYPE) paraphrase the background for the( Enriching for halophiles) as a

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paraphrase the background for the( Enriching for halophiles) as a good introduction

ut they are more complex 3E nriching for halophiles as.grow best at NaCl concentrations above that of the oceans (about 0.5 ?, or 3%). Many atu rating levels, up to 3-4 M (18-24%), such as the archaean Halobacterium. They are BACKGROUND ound in all environment halophiles, there are also a number of eubacteria that are true halophiles, too. Most are chemoheterotrophs, but some euryarchaeota can make ATP via a bacteriorhodopsin system that creates a chemiosmotic proton gradient. These pigments give the culture a pink-purple culture, which can be seen in salt evaporite ponds rate environments, as well as salted foods. While euryarchaeota are the most famous Concentration (g/I) lon Great Salt Lake Dead Sea Lake Zugm Na 105 40.1 142 2.3 0.1 c0.1 6.7 7.7 17.2 Ca2+ CI Br SOA HCO3 0.3 181 225 155 5.3 0.5 0.2 6.1 0.2 23 67 27 0.7 7.7 Halophile environments are diverse chemically (table at right). The Great Salt PH 91

Explanation / Answer

halophiles are bacteria that tend to be growing in salt concentration which are more than the concentrations found in oceans. Some of these halophiles require almost saturating levels which would be almost 18-24%. These are referred to as the the Halobacterium. These bacteria would be found in all of the environments that are evaporate and contain salted foods. Some of the most halophiles were where a number of true halophiles, referred to as eubacteria are also present. Most of these could be referred to as chemoheterotrophs, while some of the bacteria make atp with a chemiosmotic proton gradient. As a result of these bacteriorhodopsin, there is presence of pink purple pigments. The environments of halophiles are chemically diverse.

The Utah lake has a composition similar to seawater, which would be dominated by the presence of sodium chloride. The concentration is much greater though. Dead Sea has many different salts, whereas , the zugm lake in Africa contains alkaline salts. These halophiles also use inorganic ions in the form of osmotic solutes. thus, in order to start enriching halophiles, concentrated solution of sea water has to be provided along with providing simple or complex sources of carbon along with vitamins as well as trace metals. For enriching alkaliophiles, sodium carbonate has to be used.

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