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Q.1. a) Examine the scope of ‘fundamental analyses in investment process? How it

ID: 2557661 • Letter: Q

Question

Q.1. a) Examine the scope of ‘fundamental analyses in investment process? How it would help a global investor in choosing his/her portfolio investment?

b) Mr. Khalid faced with two investment projects A or B. Each requires an initial investment of OMR 100 000, with the following anticipated cash flow ;

   Year

Project A

Project B

Year 1

20000

30000

Year 2

20000

40000

Year 3

20000

30000

Year 4

20000

10000

Year 5

20000

10000

Year 6

20000

10000

The cost of capital is estimated at 8%

Find:

a. The Pay Back Period for each project

b. The Average Rate of Return on each project

c. The Net Present Value of each project

d. What difference would it make if the cost of capital were higher (or lower?)

   Year

Project A

Project B

Year 1

20000

30000

Year 2

20000

40000

Year 3

20000

30000

Year 4

20000

10000

Year 5

20000

10000

Year 6

20000

10000

Explanation / Answer

Answer 1:

Fundamental Analysis

Fundamental analysis results in a value assigned to the security in review that is compared to the investment's current price. Investors use the comparison to determine whether a long-term investment is worth buying because it is underpriced or if it is worth selling because it is overpriced.


The majority of investors who want to evaluate long-term investment decisions start with fundamental analysis of a company, an individual stock or the market as a whole. Fundamental analysis is the process of measuring a security's intrinsic value by evaluating all aspects of a business or market. Tangible assets including land, equipment or buildings that a company owns are reviewed in combination with intangible assets such as trademarks, patents, branding or intellectual property. When evaluating the broader scope of the stock market, investors use fundamental analysis to review economic factors including overall strength of the economy and specific industry conditions.


The fundamental analysis of stocks is the cornerstone of investing – and the foundation of most of the strategies covered in this tutorial. It involves evaluating a security using quantitative and qualitative factors to answer questions such as:


Answer 2

Pay Back Period ( when Cash flows are uneven)=

Years before full recovery+ Unrecovered cost at start of the year/Cash flow during the year

Pay Back Period

Project A = 100000 / 20000

= 5 years

Project B

Cash Flow

Cumulative Cash Flow

Pay Back Period = 3Years ( since full cost has been recovered in 3rd year)

b.Average Rate of Return

Average Rate of Return = Average Net Income / Average Investment

Average Investment = 100000/2 = 50000

Project A=          20000 / 50000

                        = 40%

Project B = {(30000+40000+30000+10000+10000+10000)/6} / 50000

                        = 21667 / 50000

                        43.33%

c. Net Present Value

Project A=

Initial Investment = 100000

Annual Cash Flow = 20000 for 6 years

Cost of capital = 8%

Items

Years

Cash Flow

P.v. @ 8%

Present value of cash flow

Annual Cash Flow

(1-6)

20000

4.623

92,460

Initial Investment

1

(100000)

1

(100000)

Net Present Value

(7540)

Project B

Year

P.V. @ 8%

Cash flow

Present Value of Cash flow

1

0.926

30000

27780

2

0.857

40000

34280

3

0.794

30000

23820

4

0.735

10000

7350

5

0.681

10000

6810

6

0.630

10000

6300

Total

106340

Initial Investment

(100000)

Net Present Value

6340

d. If the cost of capital is higher then NPV will be decreased than the above calculated NPV. And If the cost of Capital is lower then the NPV will be increased than the above calculated NPV.

Cash Flow

Cumulative Cash Flow