4 x5 20 points] Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates the metabolism of ca

Question

4 x5 20 points] Insulin is a peptide hormone that regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. Each insulin molecule has two peptides: chain A and chain B. The first 10 amino acids of chain A are (from N-terminal): glycine-isoleucine- valine-glutamic acid-glutamine-cysteine-cysteine-threonine-serine-isoleucine- Denaturation destroys all but which level of protein structure? Please identify all functional groups in the given sequence in chain A peptide Chain A and chain B are linked through two disulfide bonds. Please identify the amino that can form disulfide bond in the given sequence. Proteins or peptides play many important roles in the body. They can be kept inside of the cells, embedded in the cell membranes, or secreted out of the cells Please list one or more functions of each type of protein a. b. c. d.

Explanation / Answer

A Primary structure which refers to amino acid sequence in a protein is not affected by denaturation.

B- Every amino acid has one amino and one carboxylic acid functional group one hydrogen and R group ( this is variable with every amino acid)

Glycine : Simplest amino acid ,R= H

Isoleucine R= isopropyl carbon chain

Valine = isopropyl side chain

Glutamic acid = Addition COOH functional group

Glutamine = Additional NH2 functional group

Cysteine = SH functional group

Threonine and serine = OH functional group

C - It is the cysteine which can form the disulfide bonds in the given sequence.

D Functions is proteins :

Inside the cell : Contractile proteins: Actin , Myosin

Storage proteins : Ferritin

Within the cell membrane : They act as transport proteins and receptor .

Secreted : Immunoglobulins for protection

Hormones

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