2. A cell-free, glycogen-free, UTP free homogenate of a mutant liver cell line i

Question

2. A cell-free, glycogen-free, UTP free homogenate of a mutant liver cell line is made a. Addition of cAMP causes an elevation in the rate of degradation of radioactively labeled glycogen added i trace amounts. b. If cAMP phosphodiesterase (CAMP-5'AMP) is added, breakdown of labeled glycogen continues unabated If under the same conditions UDP-glucose plus an oligosaccharide acceptor is added instead of labeled glycogen, little if any labeled glycogen is made. c. If to the homogenate in b is added 1.0 mM glucose-1-P, synthesis of labeled glycogen from glucose readi occurs after a short period of time. What is a possible site or sites of the mutation? Explain the observations listed above 3. Alanine is label at the car carbon with C Attach the sheet showing the pathway that lead to your answer Where would the label be found in glucose (on which carbon(s)? Matching 4. Match each term with its description glycogen phosphorylase Phosphorolysis a Calcium-binding subunit of phosphory lase kinase b. Activates glycogen phosphorylase c. Removal of glucose residue by the addition of phosphate d. Liberates a free glucose residue e. Shifts the location of several glucose residues on glycoge f. Stimulates glycogen breakdown in the liver g. Catalyzes phosphorolytic cleavage h. Prepares glucose 1-phosphate for glycolysis i. Phosphorylates phosphorylase kinase j. Stimulates glycogen breakdown in the muscles -a 1.6-glucosidase Phosphoglucomutase Phosphory lase kinase Protein kinase A calmodulin epinephrine _glucagon Transferase 5. Match each term with its description UDP-glucose UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylaseb. Potent activator of glycogen synthase b. glycogen synthase glycogenin branching enzyme glycogen synthase kinase a. Glucose Iphosphate is one of its substrates c. glucose sensor in the liver d. activated substrate for glycogen synthesis e. leads to the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase f synthesizes a-1,6 linkages between glucose molecules

Explanation / Answer

5.Ans-
UDP-glucose                                                          d. Activated substrate for glycogen synthesis
UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase                           a.glucose 1 phosphate is one of its substrates
Glycogen synthase                   c. Glucose sensor in the liver
Glycogenin                                                              e. Leads to the inactivation of glycogen synthase kinase
Branching enzyme                 f. Synthesizes ? -1,6 linkages between glucose molecules
Glycogen synthase kinase                                        b. Potent activator of glycogen synthase b

Explanation:
Uridine diphosphate glucose act as a precursor of glycogen synthesize. They metabolized into UDP-galactose and UDP- glucuronic acid that incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid.
UDP–glucose pyrophosphorylase is an enzyme that plays an important role in carbohydrate metabolism and synthesizes UDP-glucose from glucose-1-phosphate and UTP.
Glycogen synthase convert glucose into glycogen. Liver glycogen plays an important role in maintaining blood glucose homeostasis. And its synthesis and degradation depend on the phosphorylation state of glycogen synthase and phosphorylase.
Glycogenin act as the primer for glycogen synthesis that converts glucose to glycogen.
Branching enzyme is referred as the amylo-1,4 ?1,6 transglucosidase that converts glucose into glycogen.
Glycogen synthase is regulated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), AMPK, protein kinase A (PKA), and casein kinase 2 (CK2)

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