need help answering questions 1-4 please ! Answers must be in essay form. This m
ID: 254609 • Letter: N
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need help answering questions 1-4 please !
Answers must be in essay form. This means complete sentences and an introductory and concluding sentence. Labeled diagrams may be used to supplement discussion, but in no case will a diagram alone suffice. List, outline, or table format will not count for any points Describe the overall significance/purpose for signal transduction to cells/organisms. Describe how the structure of a cell determines if and how a cell responds to a signaling molecule 1. 2. Describe the overall function of sexual reproduction. Identify and explain how the process of meiosis achieves this function. 3. Discuss Mendel's laws of segregation and independent assortment. Explain how the events of meiosis I account for the observations that led Mendel to formulate these laws Differentiate between the inheritance patterns of complete dominance, incomplete/partial dominance, and codominance. Identify how these different patterns affect an individual's phenotype. 4. Provide two explanations for how/why genes found on the sex chromosomes result in differential nhenotynes and frequency thereof hetween males and females 5.Explanation / Answer
Ans.1
signal transduction is a mechanism by which cells respond to a stimuli upon binding of an extracellular signaling molecule which brings about changes within the cells.
the purpose or significance of signal transduction is to control and coordinate the activities and function of different types of cells so that the cells and the body quickly adjust to the ever changing extracellular and external environment. signal transduction pathways provide a control over billions of cells and regulates metabolism, growth and differebtiation of cells.
the structure of the cell determines whether a cell will respond to a signaling molecule or not. the cells are exposed to a no. of different signaling molecules but cells respond to a particular signaling molecule by expressing the receptor for that signaling molecule on their cell surface. the signaling molecule then binds to all the cells expressing their receptor and initiates various signal transduction pathways.
Ans.2
The overall function of sexual reproduction is to produce genetic variation among the offsprings as sexual reproduction involves mixing of genetic material from two parents to form the offspring.
Meiosis helps is producing genetic variation in two ways- first there are 50-50chances that a parent will pass one of the two sets of chromosome to their offsprings thus generating variation in the offsprings in terms of genotype, which later may manifest as phenotypic variation as well. secondaly there is chromosomal recombination event during meiosis which involves exchnage of genetical material between two homologous chromosomes, which further contributes to variation among offsprings.
Ans. 3
Mendel's law of segregation, states that allele pairs separate or segregate during gamete formation, and randomly unite at fertilization. and Mendel's law of independent assortment, states that each pair of alleles separate independently of the other pairs during the formation of gametes.
during meiosis, when gametes are produced allele pairs separate leaving each cell with a single allele for each trait.
Ans. 4
In complete dominance, one phenotype is dominant and the other is recessive. that means the recessive phenotype is seen only when there is no dominant allele present and both alleles are recessive (i.e., homozygous recessive condition). in case of homozygous dominant and heterozygous condition only dominant phenotype is seen.
incomplete or partial dominance - one allele for a specific trait is not completely dominant over the other allele, as a result of which heterozygous individuals demonstrate a mixture of both the parental phenotypes.
codominance- when the two alleles are present together i..e., in heterozygotes ,both the alleles are expressed fully so the the individual with both the codominant alleles shows neither the dominant phenotype nor the recessive phenotype.
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