Please read the following notes on chapters 9 and 12. Hit the submit button and
ID: 254503 • Letter: P
Question
Please read the following notes on chapters 9 and 12. Hit the submit button and answer all the questions embedded in the notetaker. These questions are intended to enhance learning by assessing comprehension. The assignment is graded by rubric, so be sure to view the rubric to better understand how to answer the questions The terminology of microbial control is very important to understanding what is appropriate for a given setting. Table 9.1 on page 263 defines the key terms and gives an example of each For each following steps of preparing a sterile field for surgery give the correct term and give a method to achieve that level of microbial growth control 1. How are reusable surgical instruments treated? 2. What is a sterile drape, and how does it contribute to a sterile field? 3. Describe how a small rodent's head might be prepared for surgery in a sterile field? What are the factors to consider and how are they treated? 4. Beverages are commonly pasteurized, and milk may often become sour why? What is pasteurization? How does pasteurization differ from ultra-high temperature sterilization? p.269 5. Describe how to select the best antimicrobial method? What are some of the factors?Explanation / Answer
1. Reusable surgical instruments are properly sterilized using ethylene oxide, hydrogen peroxide gas etc.
They can be autoclaved at 121°C for 20 mins. It is helpful in preventing contamination after sterilization.
Dry heat is another way in which surgical instruments are wrapped in aluminium foil and heated at 180°C for 30 mins.
2. Drapping is a process in which the patient and the surrounding area is properly covered to maintain sterile environment for the surgery. It eliminates the main passage of microorganisms between the sterile and non sterile area.
It can be a plastic or paper which is properly sterilized.
3. Rodent's head should be properly sterilized. It's weight, health history must be known.
Preparation should take place at different place, not where surgery is to be done. Hair should be removed. Scrubbing using disinfectants can be done. Chlorhexidine is a good choice.
Wetting should be avoided with alcohol as it may induce hypothermia.
Heat loss: rodents tend to lose heat very quickly. Therefore they should be kept in a hot water blanket. Heat loss can prolong the effect of anesthetic causing complications.
Fluid loss: Using warm sterile saline, intra operative fluid loss should be reduced.
4. Milk contains lactobacillus. It is harmless. It produces lactic acid by using lactose for its energy. This lactic acid makes the milk sour.
Pasteurization: it is a process developed by Louis Pasteur in 1864. It is used to kill harmful bacteria. The milk is heat processed at a specific temperature for a specific time eg. 63°C for 30 mins or 72°C for 15 sec.
Ultra-high temperature pasteurization involves heating process at 138-150°C for 1-2 sec.
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