CASE STUDY esponse to a ernment regulations are often in been refrigerated since

Question

CASE STUDY esponse to a ernment regulations are often in been refrigerated since the package was opened six months e case that follows affected prior to the incidence. In that time, only small quantities had ormulation of a great deal of food, including some in your refrigera c incident. Th tor right now, is packaged. Study the details of the case answer the questions that follow. been used, and there was no associated illness. Clostridium botulinum, the causative agent of botulism, forms tough, heat-resistant endospores that may survive nor mal food preparation processes, such as boiling, that would kill vegetative cells. The endospores themselves are completely City inactive; botulism occurs only when the cells reenter the veg- sufering from etative groth cycle and begin to produce botulinum, a pow- as botulism. The index case was an erful neurotoxin that paralyzes the muscles. Early symptoms of man who first displayed bloating, diarrhea, botulism include double vision and dificulty in speaking and vomiting. His symptoms then progressed to swallowing as the muscles of the eyes, tongue, lips, and throat Bo tulism from Prepared Garlic-New York, 1989 Over three days in February 1989, doctors at Kingston Hospital in New York admitted three persons what diagnosed a lurred speech, a diminished gag reflex, are paralyzed. As the disease progresses, the diaphragmis paralyzed and death by suffocation results. C. botulinum is an obligate anaerobe, meaning that endospores will only enter milder symptoms. Administration of antitoxin was the vegetative cycle when oxygen is excluded. Furthermore, to counteract the effects of the botulism toxin in all three at low pH levels, germination of the spores, resulting in the and muscle weakness stand without assistance. severe enough that he was unable to The other two patients exhibited production of vegetative cells, is completely inhibited. patients; in addition, the index patient required mechanical ventilation. All three patients recovered. The second and third Laboratory examination revealed the presence of Clos patients were discharged from the hospital after 8 days while the index patient remained for 29 days. tridium botulinum cells in the stool samples of all three patients as well as in the leftover garlic. C.botulinum toxin was found, at low levels in the serum of two of the patients Patient interviews indicated that a dinner at the home of the index patient was the only common source of exposure. Several other people at the dinner did not contract botu- lism, and foods eaten by these persons were assumed not to be the source of the bacterium. The single food item com and also in the leftover garlic. The pH of the leftover garlic was found to be 5.7, well within the acceptable range for C. botulinum growth. This case was but one of a number of episodes of botulism involving mon to all the suspect persons was garlic bread; the index vegetable roots or tubers (potatoes, onions, garlic) cooked or case had consumed 15 pieces while the other two patients stored in oil. If properly refrigerated, these products are safe, re left unrefrigerated, the bacte- rium can quickly multiply. Acting in response to this case, the had two pieces each. The garlic bread was prepared by mix- ing two teaspoons of garlic-i spreading it onto a piece of pita bread. The bread was then Food and wrapped in tinfoil and heated at 300°F (149 C) for 20 min producing garlic-in-oil prior to serving. The garlic itself was processed (in a com mercial setting) by mixing chopped garlic with ice water and extra virgin olive oil, without any other additives or heat but when these products a in-oil with warm margarine and ompanies to stop products that are protected only by refrigeration. These products must now be acidified, usually by the addition of phosphoric or citric acid, to prevent th growth of C. botulinum. When a product is acidified to a pH of Drug Administration ordered c treatment. The package was labeled with "keep refrigerated" 4.6 or less, according to FDA's Good Manufacturing Practices, inhibition of the growth of C. botulinum is assured in small type, and the index patient said that the garlic had

Explanation / Answer

Do you think vibrio cholerae is mostly likely an acidophile neutrophile or alkaliphile

Answer: alkaliphile

Most bacteria are neutrophiles and grow best at near-neutral pH (center curve). Acidophiles have optimal growth at pH values near 3 and alkaliphiles have optimal growth at pH values above 9. Vibrio cholerae have optimal pH 9.

Why does antacid lower the infectious dose of V. cholerae

Answer:

For V. cholerae Infectious dose is very high (>10^6 bacteria) may be lower in compromised patients (also antacid may provide protection for bacterium).

V. cholera have optimal pH 9. When antacid will be given it may increase chances to lower acidity and increase pH of intestine to 9 which is favourable for growth V. cholera.

V. cholera of may form tough, heat resistant endospores. At low pH levels germination of spores resulting in production of vegetative cell is completely inhibited.

Related Questions

Navigate

• Browse (All)
• Browse C
• Subjects

---

---

Integrity-first tutoring: explanations and feedback only — we do not complete graded work. Learn more.