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Haas Company manufactures and sells one product. The following information perta

ID: 2512979 • Letter: H

Question

Haas Company manufactures and sells one product. The following information pertains to each of the company's first three years of operations Variable costs per unit: Manufacturing: Direct materials Direct labor Variable manufacturing overhead 28 20 Variable selling and administrative Fixed costs per year: 210,000 Fixed manufacturing overhead Fixed selling and administrative expenses 150,000 During its first year of operations, Haas produced 60,000 units and sold 60,000 units. During its second year of operations, it produced 75,000 units and sold 50,000 units. In its third year, Haas produced 40,000 units and sold 65,000 units. The selling price of the company's product is $61 per unit.

Explanation / Answer

Haas Company

Break-even point in unit sales = fixed cost/unit contribution margin

Unit contribution margin = unit selling price – unit variable cost

Unit selling price = $61

Unit variable cost –

Direct materials$28

Direct labor$20

Variable manufacturing overhead $4

Variable selling overhead$3

Total variable cost$55

Contribution margin $6

Fixed cost –

Fixed manufacturing overhead$210,000

Fixed selling overhead$150,000

Total fixed cost$360,000

Break-even point in unit sales = $360,000/$6 = 60,000 units

2a. Assuming the company uses variable costing method:

Unit product cost –

Direct materials $28

Direct labor$20

Variable manufacturing overhead$4

Variable selling overhead$3

Total product cost$55

The unit product cost = $55

The unit product cost for year 1, year 2 and year 3 would remain same at $55.

According to variable costing method, the unit cost of a product comprises all the direct costs of the number of units sold. The cost component does not include fixed overheads – both manufacturing and selling and administrative.

Hence, assuming variable costing method, the unit cost of the product for Year1, Year 2 and Year 3 is $55.

The number of units produced is also not considered.

The number of units sold is considered to arrive at the total direct costs and contribution.

2b. Income statement under variable costing method:

Haas Company

Variable Costing Income Statement

Year1

Year2

Year 3

Sales in units

60,000

50,000

65,000

Sales volume @ $61 per unit

$3,660,000

$3,050,000

$3,965,000

Cost of goods sold:

Variable production costs-

40,000 units

direct material cost@$28 per unit

$1,680,000

$1,400,000

$1,120,000

Direct labor cost @$20 per unit

$1,200,000

$1,000,000

$800,000

Variable manufacturing overhead @$4 per unit

$240,000

$200,000

$160,000

Cost of goods manufactured

$3,120,000

$2,600,000

$2,080,000

Add: Beginning inventory

---

---

$1,300,000

(25,000 units x $52)

Cost of goods available for sale

$3,120,000

$2,600,000

$3,380,000

Less: Closing inventory

$0

$0

$0

Cost of goods sold

$3,120,000

$2,600,000

$3,380,000

Marginal Contribution

$540,000

$450,000

$585,000

Less: Fixed manufacturing overhead

$210,000

$210,000

$210,000

Variable selling and administrative expenses

$180,000

$150,000

$195,000

Fixed selling and administrative expenses

$150,000

$150,000

$150,000

Net Income

$0

($60,000)

$30,000

In year 3, cost of goods manufactured is calculated for 40,000 units and beginning inventory of 25,000 units is added to arrive at the cost of goods available for sale, 65,000 units sold.

Though the company produced 75,000 units in year 2, the cost of goods manufactured is calculated for 50,000 units, since the number of units sold in the Year 2 is 50,000 units.

3a.Assuming the company uses absorption costing, computation of the unit product cost for Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3:

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Direct material costs

$28

$28

$28

Direct labor costs

$20

$20

$20

Variable overhead

$4

$4

$4

Fixed manufacturing overhead

$210,000/60,000

$210,000/75,000

$210,000/40,000

3.5

$2.80

$5.25

Unit product cost

$55.50

$54.80

$57.25

3b. Income Statement for Year 1, Year 2 and Year 3 based on absorption costing:

Haas Company

Income Statement under Absorption Costing

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

Sales in units

60,000

50,000

65,000

sales @61 per unit

$3,660,000

$3,050,000

$3,965,000

Beginning inventory

$0

$0

$1,370,000

Add: Cost of goods manufactured

$3,330,000

$4,110,000

$2,290,000

Cost of goods available for sale

$3,330,000

$4,110,000

$3,660,000

Less: closing inventory

$0

$1,370,000

$0

$3,330,000

$2,740,000

$3,660,000

Gross Profit

$330,000

$310,000

$305,000

Less: marketing and administrative expenses:

variable overhead @$3 per unit

$180,000

$150,000

$120,000

Fixed overhead

$150,000

$150,000

$150,000

Net Income

$0

$10,000

$35,000

Haas Company

Variable Costing Income Statement

Year1

Year2

Year 3

Sales in units

60,000

50,000

65,000

Sales volume @ $61 per unit

$3,660,000

$3,050,000

$3,965,000

Cost of goods sold:

Variable production costs-

40,000 units

direct material cost@$28 per unit

$1,680,000

$1,400,000

$1,120,000

Direct labor cost @$20 per unit

$1,200,000

$1,000,000

$800,000

Variable manufacturing overhead @$4 per unit

$240,000

$200,000

$160,000

Cost of goods manufactured

$3,120,000

$2,600,000

$2,080,000

Add: Beginning inventory

---

---

$1,300,000

(25,000 units x $52)

Cost of goods available for sale

$3,120,000

$2,600,000

$3,380,000

Less: Closing inventory

$0

$0

$0

Cost of goods sold

$3,120,000

$2,600,000

$3,380,000

Marginal Contribution

$540,000

$450,000

$585,000

Less: Fixed manufacturing overhead

$210,000

$210,000

$210,000

Variable selling and administrative expenses

$180,000

$150,000

$195,000

Fixed selling and administrative expenses

$150,000

$150,000

$150,000

Net Income

$0

($60,000)

$30,000