Which of the following helps to return blood against gravity back to the heart?

Question

Which of the following helps to return blood against gravity back to the heart? a. one way valves in your veins that prevent the backflow of blood b. contraction of your leg muscles to push the blood towards the heart c. a large pressure gradient from the left to the right side of the heart d. a decrease in thoracic (chest) pressure as you inhale e. all of the above Which of the following statements is true regarding parenchymal and stromal cells? a. in heart muscle, cardiomyocytes would represent parenchymal cells, and gap junctions would represent stromal cells stromal cells in the pancreas can change dramatically (i.e. abundance) during cancer b. c. d. in the pancreas, cholinergic neurons would be representative of a stromal cell all of the above statements are true Which of the following would inhibit appetite? a. an increase in peptide YY (PYY) b. a decrease in insulin c. a decrease in leptin d. an increase in ghrelin A sudden increase in blood volume would result in which of the following physiological responses in an attempt to maintain normal arterial pressure? a. a decrease in SNS and increase in PNS activity b. a decrease in heart rate c. a decrease in angiotensin II d. a decrease in vasoconstriction and total peripheral resistance e. all of the above Which of the following substances secreted by the gastric mucosa of the stomach facilitates lipid (fat) digestion? a. histamine b. gastric acid c. gastric lipase d. pepsin

Explanation / Answer

1. Correct answer:- (e) all of the above
Explanation:- blood return against gravity back to the heart due tto following factors-
-veins have one way valve that prevent back flow of blood.
-contraction of leg muscles push the blood upward.
-pressure gradient left side and right side of heart.
- Decrease in thoracic pressure during inhalation.

2. Correct answer:- (d) all of the above statements are true.
Explanation:- in heart muscles cardiomyocytes represent parenchymal cells and gap junctions represent stromal cell.

3. Correct answer:- (a) an increase in peptide yy(PYY).
Explanation:- PYY is an appetite suppressant gut hormone secreted from the entero-endocrine cells of the ileum and colon.
(b) insulin and leptin decrease appetite.

4. Correct answer:- (e) all of the above
Explanation- all the given factors are responsible for maintaining Increased blood volume.

5. Correct answer:- (c) gastric lipase
Explanation- gastric lipase promote lipid digestion.

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