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You are considering a new product launch. The project will cost $2,300,000, have

ID: 2461239 • Letter: Y

Question

You are considering a new product launch. The project will cost $2,300,000, have a four-year life, and have no salvage value; depreciation is straight-line to zero. Sales are projected at 160 units per year; price per unit will be $30,000, variable cost per unit will be $18,500, and fixed costs will be $610,000 per year. The required return on the project is 15 percent, and the relevant tax rate is 36 percent.

Based on your experience, you think the unit sales, variable cost, and fixed cost projections given here are probably accurate to within ±10 percent. What are the upper and lower bounds for these projections? What is the base-case NPV? What are the best-case and worst-case scenarios?

  

Evaluate the sensitivity of your base-case NPV to changes in fixed costs.

What is the cash break-even level of output for this project (ignoring taxes)? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

What is the accounting break-even level of output for this project?

What is the degree of operating leverage at the accounting break-even point?

You are considering a new product launch. The project will cost $2,300,000, have a four-year life, and have no salvage value; depreciation is straight-line to zero. Sales are projected at 160 units per year; price per unit will be $30,000, variable cost per unit will be $18,500, and fixed costs will be $610,000 per year. The required return on the project is 15 percent, and the relevant tax rate is 36 percent.

Explanation / Answer

1)

Base Case

Initial Investment = 2300000

Annual Depreciation = 2300000/4 = 575000

Sale Price = 30000

Unit Sale = 160

Variable cost per unit = 18500

Fixed Cost = 610000

Required return = 15%

Tax rate = 36%

Annual Cash Flow = ((sale price - Variable cost)*Sales unit - fixed cost)*(1-tax rate) + Annual Deprecaition *tax rate

Annual Cash Flow = ((30000-18500)*160-610000)*(1-36%) + 575000*36%

Annual Cash Flow = 994200

NPV = -initial Investment + Annual Cash Flow*(1-(1+r)^-n)/r

NPV = -2300000 + 994200*(1-(1+15%)^ -4)/15%

NPV = $ 538,419.49

Best Case

Initial Investment = 2300000

Annual Depreciation = 2300000/4 = 575000

Sale Price = 30000

Unit Sale = 160*(1+10%) = 176

Variable cost per unit = 18500*(1-10%) = 16650

Fixed Cost = 610000*(1-10%) = 549000

Required return = 15%

Tax rate = 36%

Annual Cash Flow = ((sale price - Variable cost)*Sales unit - fixed cost)*(1-tax rate) + Annual Deprecaition *tax rate

Annual Cash Flow = ((30000-16650)*176-549000)*(1-36%) + 575000*36%

Annual Cash Flow = 1359384

NPV = -initial Investment + Annual Cash Flow*(1-(1+r)^-n)/r

NPV = -2300000 + 1359384*(1-(1+15%)^ -4)/15%

NPV = $ 1,581,011.99

Worst Case

Initial Investment = 2300000

Annual Depreciation = 2300000/4 = 575000

Sale Price = 30000

Unit Sale = 160*(1-10%) = 144

Variable cost per unit = 18500 *(1+10%) = 20350

Fixed Cost = 610000*(1+10%) = 671000

Required return = 15%

Tax rate = 36%

Annual Cash Flow = ((sale price - Variable cost)*Sales unit - fixed cost)*(1-tax rate) + Annual Deprecaition *tax rate

Annual Cash Flow = ((30000-20350)*144-671000)*(1-36%) + 575000*36%

Annual Cash Flow = 666904

NPV = -initial Investment + Annual Cash Flow*(1-(1+r)^-n)/r

NPV = -2300000 + 666904*(1-(1+15%)^ -4)/15%

NPV = - $ 396003.51

Answer

2)

if only change in fixed cost i.e 10% increase or 10% decrease

Change in Fixed Cost = 10%*610000 = 61000

After tax change in cash flow= 61000*(1-36%) = 39040

NPV change by = 39040*(1-(1+15%)^-4)/15%

NPV change by = 111458.40

NPV/FC = 111458.40/61000

NPV/FC = 182.72%

3) What is the cash break-even level of output for this project (ignoring taxes)? (Do not round intermediate calculations. Round your answer to 2 decimal places, e.g., 32.16.)

cash break-even level of output for this project = Fixed Cost/(Sale Price- Variable cost)

cash break-even level of output for this project = 610000/(30000-18500)

cash break-even level of output for this project = 53.04 units

What is the accounting break-even level of output for this project?

Accounting break-even =  (Fixed Cost+Depreciation)/(Sale Price- Variable cost)

Accounting break-even = (610000+575000)/(30000-18500)

Accounting break-even = 103.04 Units

What is the degree of operating leverage at the accounting break-even point?

Degree of operating leverage = Contribution Margin/Net Operating Income

Degree of operating leverage = (Sale -Variable cost)*Unit Sale/( (Sale -Variable cost)*Unit Sale-Fixed cost)

Degree of operating leverage = (30000-18500)*103.04/ ( (30000-18500)*103.04 - 610000)

Degree of operating leverage = 2.06

  Scenario Unit Sales Variable Cost Fixed Costs NPV   Base 160 18500 610000      538,419.49   Best 176 16650 549000    1,581,011.91   Worst 144 20350 671000 -396003.51
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