Environmental Health and Human Health Environmental toxicology examines how envi
ID: 245573 • Letter: E
Question
Environmental Health and Human Health
Environmental toxicology examines how environmental exposures to chemical pollutants may present risks to biological organisms, particularly animals, birds, and fishes. Exposure to a physical, chemical, or biological agent may arise from a number of environmental sources, including the workplace, the home, and the medications and foods that we consume. On the list of hazardous chemicals and other agents that impact human reproduction negatively are pesticides, drugs, and heavy metals.
Using the Internet, research on the following topics:
Physical Agents
Chemical Agents
Biological Agents
On the basis of your research and understanding of the topic, answer the following questions:
Identify and describe five factors that affect responses to a toxic chemical.
What determines the toxicity of a chemical? To what extent do you agree with the assumption that "all substances are poisons"?
What is human exposure assessment? Explain some of the methods of exposure assessment.
Why is epidemiology important to research studies of environmental health? Give reasoning to support your answer.
What are some of the important limitations of the epidemiologic approach with respect to the study of environmental health problems?
3- to 4-page
Explanation / Answer
1. ANS: Environmental Factors. Mainly the first factors Environmental that may be add to the response for a toxic chemical. For instance like issues as air contamination, workplace situations, living circumstances, individual habits, as well as earlier chemical revelation may act in combination through other toxic systems.
Routes of Exposure Factors: natural effects can be different for the equivalent quantity, rely on whether the chemical is breathing, and also that applied to the body skin. Natural Factors obstruct the intake as well as sharing of material just the once in the corpse. These Factors can satisfy the toxic results of the equal amount of a chemical. And also the success of these barriers is moderately reliant upon the way of entry of the chemical.
The Third Is the Factors, of metabolism, connect to considerate how the body handles riveted materials. Some materials are transformed through cellular methods of metabolism, and also which can also enhance or reduce their biological movement.
Hereditary Determinants the Factor of the Toxic Response: The latest detonation in molecular environmental science as well as hereditary has brought a clearer considerate regarding the molecular starting point of such unpredictability. Chief determinants of individual answer to chemicals contain significant differences between additional than a dozen excellent families of enzymes, together termed drug-metabolizing enzymes.
Chemical Mixtures Factor: Some mixtures of chemicals create dissimilar results from those attributed to all separately: Synergists that is the chemicals that, and also when mixed, cause a better than preservative effect. For instance, HEPATO-TOXICITY is improved as an outcome of exposure to equally ethanol as well as carbon tetrachloride. (Friis, 2014).
2. ANS: The toxicity of a material repaints on three aspects: its chemical formation, the amount to which the material is absorbed through the body as well as the body's capacity to detoxify the material (transform it into small toxic substances) as well as reduce it from the corpse. The amount do you concur with the supposition that "all materials are toxins" is that the dose creates the toxin is a express which demotes to the reality that whether a material causes poisonous effects reliant on how greatly of it is taken. And also a "toxic" essence is safe if taken in little sufficient quantities, as well as a "safe" one can be toxic if taken in big enough quantities. Consequently, calling something a "toxin" merely denotes that the amount required to kill someone is randomly low. (Substances, 2014).
3. ANS: An description has been ready with an observation to strengthening learning, training as well as choice-making in the area of communal health. Human exposure assessment shows an significant position in epidemiology, threat assessment as well as threat supervision, as well as in position and trend study. The complete plan of human exposure evaluation is to encourage and protect communal health. It includes every the methods obtainable to explain, guesstimate and verify, qualitatively as well as quantitatively, citizens’ contact with risky agents. The personality of revelation evaluation is multidisciplinary as well as consequently engages experts from different fields of science.
Questionnaires methods must generally be small (to enhance contribution speed) which reduces the quantity of information that is achievable to gather. The contribution speed is crucial to the expediency of the survey. If a survey yields a small contribution speed, there is forever a threat of selection prejudice, in that the personalities who have participated might have completed so for particular reasons.
Environmental monitoring explains the methods as well as activities that require taking place to typify and check the excellence of the surroundings.
Personal monitoring of contact to ecological contaminants demotes to gathering of samples at the interface among the introduction medium as well as the person receptor. Individual monitors create it possible to calculate exposures for an recognized subset of the common population. (Mel, 2014).
Reference:
Friis, R. (2014). Essentials of Environmental Health. Retrieved from https://books.google.co.in: https://books.google.co.in/books?id=L4bsu11O9RQC&pg=PA46&lpg=PA46&dq=What+are+some+of+the+important+limitations+of+the+epidemiologic+approach+with+respect+to+the+study+of+environmental+health+problems&source=bl&ots=SB7eMFpB0Z&sig=7Gb8zr2nznrWVtwoakjW1GweV
MEL. (2014). Statistical Methods to Estimate. Retrieved from http://dge.stanford.edu: http://dge.stanford.edu/SCOPE/SCOPE_46/SCOPE_46_2.18_Kollander_347-356.pdf
Substances. (2014). Retrieved from http://phc.amedd.army.mil: http://phc.amedd.army.mil/topics/labsciences/tox/Pages/Overview.aspx
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