tr REVIEW QUESTIONS 5. What is a common adverse efect of long en L How does the
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tr REVIEW QUESTIONS 5. What is a common adverse efect of long en L How does the nephron work to eliminate waste products and excess water? 2 How do diuretics work? therapy on a patient? How does that conditon administration of a general anesthetic &. Which structures of the nephron are affected by diuretics? 6. What type of patient may come to surgery o Why would a diuretic be prescribed for long-term use? diuretic therapy? 7. Why are diuretics used intraoperatively 8. Which diuretics are used intraoperatively?Explanation / Answer
1. The nephron is composed of the renal corpuscle and renal tubules which is a functional unit of kidney. Function of nephron to convert blood into urine through following mechanism such as filtration, reabsorption, secretion and excretion of numerous substances. Following parts of nephron work for the purification of blood like proximal convoluted tubule, loop of henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct system. Function of Nephron is to purify blood by removing waste products and excess water from the blood.
Glomerulus are surrounded by the glomerular capsule and blood flow through glomerulus. The pressure is created by heart to the capillaries and glomerular capsule through pumping blood which pushes small molecule. These small molecules and waste products travels through tubules. The cells of tubule absorb the different molecules such as glucose, water, sodium, potassium and other important molecules which come back into the blood stream. The toxins and waste products remain in the tubule and this ultrafiltrate travel down to tubules. This ultrafiltrate is now urine which moves through collecting duct and stored in bladder.
2. Diuretics are the drugs which increases the production of urine. There different classes of diuretics based on their mechanism of actions. These diuretics change the electrolyte balance, volume and compositions of urine. Diuretics are used for the treatment of hypercalcemia, hypocalcemia, hypertension etc. The diuretics work by several mechanism such as changes in the volume of water, pH and concentration of sodium ions (Na+), potassium ions (K+) and calcium ions (Ca++). The thiazide diuretics are the widely prescribed diuretic which acts by inhibiting the sodium-chloride transporter system in the distal tubule of nephron.
3. Diuretics change the several functions of nephron. They acts by changing the functions of in the different parts of nephrons as follow: Proximal convoluted tubule, Loop of Henle and Distal convoluted tubule.
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