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1. What is the concept of developmental constraint defined as? (a) the sudden ap

ID: 236434 • Letter: 1

Question

1. What is the concept of developmental constraint defined as?
(a) the sudden appearance of new phenotypes

(d) a bias toward certain kinds of variation in phenotype

(b) phenotypic similarity due to descent from a common ancestor

(d) homoplasy that results from the same underlying developmental mechanism

2. Multicellular organisms, such as humans, fundamentally consist of populations of cells where each cell in the population is derived from a single ancestor: the zygote. Considering this, which statement/s is/are true?

(a) Mutations can occur, but only in cells that develop into tumors.

(b) All cells of the population are genetically identical, since they are derived by mitosis from the zygote.

(c) Mutation events that lead to increased cell survival or more rapid reproduction could, in

effect, develop into tissues which evolve by natural selection within the organism.

(d) Mutations could occur in any cell, and if so, they may be still be capable of division, leading

to cells with heritable genetic variation.

(e) C and D

Explanation / Answer

Ans- 1- (a) bias for phenotype variation

Ans- 2- (e) both c and d

a is wrong as mutation can occur both in normal and cancerous ( abnormal) biological process. and (c) is wrong since mutation creates genetically different cells.