QUESTION 1 Knowledge of Earth\'s interior is mostly derived from indirect eviden

Question

QUESTION 1

Knowledge of Earth's interior is mostly derived from

indirect evidence involving the analysis of seismic waves.

direct sampling of the interior using deep-test wells.

historic and prehistoric records.

work in Earth's deepest caverns and caves.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 2

________ is the theory that describes the motion of Earth's lithosphere.

Sea floor spreading

Plate tectonics

Metamorphism

Pangaea

0.1 points   

QUESTION 3

Exogenic processes cause warping, folding, faulting, and uplift of Earth's surface.

True

False

0.1 points   

QUESTION 4

Alfred Wegener's theory of continental drift was immediately accepted by the scientific community when it was proposed.

True

False

0.1 points   

QUESTION 5

The rigid crust and uppermost mantle are known collectively as the

Moho.

lithosphere.

Gutenberg discontinuity.

asthenosphere.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 6

Continental crust is basically ________, whereas oceanic crust is basically ________.

sima; sial

granite; basalt

basalt; granite

thin; thick

0.1 points   

QUESTION 7

The three basic rock types are

conglomerates, clastics, and evaporative.

intrusive, extrusive, and plutonic.

sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous.

laterite, schist, and basalt.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 8

The crust is thickest under mountains and thinnest under the oceans.

True

False

0.1 points   

QUESTION 9

The three most abundant elements in Earth's crust are

iron, aluminum, and granite.

oxygen, silicon, and aluminum.

magnesium, potassium, and oxygen.

rock, water, and tectonics.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 10

Which of the following is INCORRECTLY matched?

Weathering — exogenic breaking and dissolving the crust

Endogenic — internal processes

Radioactive decay heat — exogenic energy source

Exogenic — external processes

0.1 points   

QUESTION 11

Sedimentary rock may be formed from the shells of organisms containing calcium carbonate.

True

False

0.1 points   

QUESTION 12

The principle that the same physical processes currently active in the environment were operating throughout Earth's history is known as

statism.

parallelism.

uniformitarianism.

catastrophism.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 13

What type of rock is derived from the bits and pieces of former rocks?

Igneous

Metamorphic

Sedimentary

Hydrothermal

0.1 points   

QUESTION 14

Travertine, formed from the CaCO3 that has been precipitated from groundwater, is an example of ________ sedimentary rock.

biochemical

clastic

organic

chemical

0.1 points   

QUESTION 15

The subfield of geography and geology concerned with the study of the origins, evolutions, form, and spatial distribution of Earth's landforms is

pedology.

geophysics.

lithology.

geomorphology.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 16

Which rock type makes up approximately 90% of Earth's crust?

Metamorphic

Igneous

Sedimentary

0.1 points   

QUESTION 17

Which of the following is an endogenic process?

Stream deposition

Glacial erosion

Weathering

Volcanism

0.1 points   

QUESTION 18

The geologic cycle is fueled by

Earth's internal heat.

solar energy.

both solar energy and Earth's internal heat.

neither solar energy and Earth's internal heat.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 19

Earthquake and volcanic occurrences do not correlate well with crustal plate boundaries.

True

False

0.1 points   

QUESTION 20

A batholith forms from

intrusive igneous rock.

metamorphic rock.

extrusive igneous rock.

sediment accumulation in a depression.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 21

The majority of Earth's volume is within the

inner core.

crust.

mantle.

outer core.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 22

Which of the following statements about Earth's core is NOT correct?

The inner core is believed to be liquid and the outer core solid.

A third of Earth's entire mass, but only 1/6th of its volume lies in its core.

It is composed primarily of iron.

Scientists think the inner core formed before the outer core.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 23

The half-life of a radioactive isotope does not vary.

True

False

0.1 points   

QUESTION 24

Which of the following is CORRECT in regards to the geologic time scale?

The largest defined unit is an eon or, according to some, a supereon.

Every period is composed of 2 epochs.

An era is the smallest unit of geologic time.

An epoch is composed of one or more periods.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 25

Of the elements in Earth's crusts, ________ makes up the most of Earth's crust by weight.

oxygen (O)

silicon (Si)

Iron (Fe)

Aluminum (Al)

0.1 points   

QUESTION 26

Which of the following plays a role in the shaping of Earth's surface?

The action of wind, water, and ice

The radioactive decay of atoms

Gravity

Gravity, wind, water, and ice, and radioactive decay

Gravity and wind, water, and ice only

0.1 points   

QUESTION 27

Which of the following are located along the mid-ocean ridges?

Volcanoes

Outcrops of granite

Evaporite deposits

Old oceanic sediments

0.1 points   

QUESTION 28

Approximately 95% of Earth's crust is made up of

phosphates.

silicates.

oxides.

carbonates.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 29

Which of the following is the fuel for continental drift and plate tectonics?

Nuclear fusion

Solar energy

Chemical reactions in Earth's core

Radioactive decay

0.1 points   

QUESTION 30

The continuous alteration of Earth materials from one rock type to another is known as the

tectonic cycle.

rock cycle.

geologic cycle.

hydrologic cycle.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 31

Molten rock beneath Earth's surface is known as ________, whereas molten rock on Earth's surface is called ________.

intrusive; extrusive

extrusive; intrusive

lava; magma

magma; lava

0.1 points   

QUESTION 32

Limestone formed from the shells of marine organisms is an example of ________ sedimentary rock.

biochemical

clastic

chemical

organic

0.1 points   

QUESTION 33

Tectonic forces are an example of

exogenic processes.

endogenic processes.

both exogenic and endogenic processes.

neither exogenic nor endogenic processes.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 34

In terms of human-environment interaction, which of the following is an example of an anthropogenic endogenic process contributing to the geologic cycle?

Harnessing geothermal energy for electricity development.

Strip mining.

Rock removal for building contributing to land slides.

Injection wells contributing to earthquake activity.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 35

Ocean floor subducts under continents because

the weight of the continents is so great that they push the ocean floor material downward.

the ocean floor is made up of silica and magnesium and is more dense than continental material.

the ocean floor is made of silica and aluminum s and is heavier than continental material.

the ocean floor has a lower density and therefore sinks more easily.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 36

Which of the following is NOT correct?

The Hawai'ian island chain will subduct in approximately 40 my.

The formation of the big island of Hawai'i took less than 1 my.

Measured from the sea floor to its summit, Mauna Kea is the tallest mountain on Earth.

The newest Hawai'ian island, Lo'ihi, should reach the surface in around 10,000 years.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 37

The asthenosphere can best be described as

a liquid.

a rigid solid.

a plastic.

a plasma.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 38

Which of the following is NOT correct regarding the metamorphism process?

It involves melting of the original rock.

It can be accomplished by chemical processes.

It can be accomplished by pressure.

It can be accomplished by heat.

0.1 points   

QUESTION 39

Humans can contribute to both the endogenic and exogenic processes shape Earth.

True

False

0.1 points   

QUESTION 40

The Moho separates the uppermost mantle from the crust.

True

False

indirect evidence involving the analysis of seismic waves.

direct sampling of the interior using deep-test wells.

historic and prehistoric records.

work in Earth's deepest caverns and caves.

Explanation / Answer

1. indirect evidence involving the analysis of seismic waves.

The main way that scientists have been able to determine the makeup of the interior of the Earth is by studying how seismic waves pass through its various layers.

2. Plate tectonics

It's a theory explaining the structure of the earth's crust and many associated phenomena as resulting from the interaction of rigid lithospheric plates which move slowly over the underlying mantle.

3. False

4. Fale

In November 1926 Wegener presented his continental drift theory at a symposium of the American Association of Petroleum Geologists in New York City and accepted in the 1950s

5. Asthenosphere.

It's upper layer of the earth's mantle, below the lithosphere, in which there is relatively low resistance to plastic flow and convection is thought to occur.

6. Continental crust is basically granite, whereas oceanic crust is basically basalt.

7. Basic rock types are Igneous, Sedimentry and Metamorphish.

8. True.

9. Abundent element in crust is Oxygen, Silicon, and Aluminum

10. ??

11. True.

Sedimentry rocks are derived from any preexisting materials it can be of organic or inorganic origin.

12. Uniformitarianism : It's a theory that changes in the earth's crust during geological history have resulted from the action of continuous and uniform processes.

13. Sedimentary: This are the derived rocks from any former rock.

14. Traverti: is an chemical sedimentary rock.

15. Geomorphology: It's a common topic between Geology and Geography.

16. I think Sedimentary rock would be most suitable candidate because Chemically all the rock type is composed of silicate minerals and it is present in all the three rock type. and it's 90% in abundance. where as if we look on the global scale it's exposure of sedimentary rock is more where as if we consider by volume igneous rock type dominates.

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