Intro Week Important publication in 1973 that noted the need for prevention acti
ID: 235148 • Letter: I
Question
Intro Week
Important publication in 1973 that noted the need for prevention activities and education as emphasis in the fire service.
What is an adequate percentage that should be budgeted for fire prevention activities?
In homes today, what is behind the reason for flashover fires occurring much more rapidly than in the past generations?
Chapter 1 and 2
Three Things SI Units Facilitate –
Be familiar with the prefix terms for the units, example: giga is bigger than mega.
What is the difference between weight and mass?
What SI unit or units are important for understanding fire growth and energy production? Example – SI unit meter measures length.
What makes up majority of the mass of an atom?
Know the charges of a proton, electron and neutron.
How many elements are on the periodic chart?
What do the atomic numbers in the periodic chart tell us?
Know the different groups on the periodic chart, alkali metals, alkaline metals, Transition metals, Post transition, Metalloids, Other non-metals, Halogens and Noble gases.
The periods on the periodic chart tells us what?
What makes up a chemical compound and a molecule?
What does electronegativity tell us or help us predict?
Chapter 3
Name the three states of matter and their definition? (Example Gas – takes the shape of its container, fixed volume, can be compressed).
Be able to identify physical changes, example, solid going to a liquid is called what?
Know the difference between chemical and physical change?
In a chemical changes what are the beginning and ending substances called?
Be able to identify or be familiar with the 6 chemical change reactions, ie, Oxidation.
What are the four features of a chemical reaction?
What is decomposition of a solid called?
Reactions involving fire, what must occur in order to sustain combustion in a solid and a liquid?
A chemical change is always accompanied by what?
Chapter 4
Name Newton’s three laws of motion?
Define and describe Potential and Kenetic Energy.
What is Bernoulli’s noted for?
What is viscosity?
Know the difference between laminar and turbulent flows.
Reynolds number can define what two types of fluid flows?
The 5 criteria for a transition to and from laminar and turbulent flows.
What is buoyancy?
Chapter 5
What are the three forms of heat transfer, be able to describe each?
How does heat flow?
What is the difference between temperature and heat?
What has greater energy, monatomic or polyatomic gas energy heat exchange?
What are the two primary mediums of heat transfer and where do the three modes of heat transfer fit into these medium and why?
Fourier’s law deals with what form of heat transfer?
Define thermal conductivity.
If something has low or high thermal conductivity, what does that mean?
Boltzman is noted for what form of heat transfer?
Radiation comes from what two sources?
Boltzman noted thermal radiation intensity increase, as full room involvement occurs, everything ignited, that amount of heat (thermal energy) released was to what mathematical power?
Chapter 6
Define combustion.
Elements needed for ignition to occur?
What makes a fuel load easy to ignite?
What is the difference between flaming combustion and non-flaming combustion?
As a fuel burns, what makes its flame spread fast or slow?
4 ways to stop the combustion process, extinguish a fire.
Flaming combustion – what is present during the combustion process?
Chapter 7
Flames are categorized into four groups, what are they?
Know the difference between pre-mixed and diffusion flames.
Know the difference between laminar and turbulent flames.
Understand the ease of ignition in and the stoichiometric ratio.
What does lower explosive limit and upper explosive limit tell us about an flammable gas?
Burning velocity – understand low and high rate through a gas mixture.
Type of combustion related to explosion, deflagration, and detonation.
Be familiar with hazardous gases and their characteristics, Hydrogen, acetylene, methane, ethylene, and ammonia.
Fire Science
Explanation / Answer
Adequate budget for fire prevention activities: $105,200
In the past fire was produced by burning of coals at homes but now the fire is produced by kitchen gas or LPG which is a highly combustible substance i.e. catches fire easily if it is leaked accidently. so nowdays more cases of falsover fires compared to past generations.
Chapter 1 and 2:
Mass is the actual amount of material contained in the body and generally measured in kg or gm whereas weight is the force exerted on a body by the gravity generally meaured in mg. Mass is independent whereas weight can be changed on different planets.
SI unit for fire growth and energy production is Joule
Mass of an atom consists mainly of proton and neutron
elements in periodic chart -118
The atomic no in periodic table table tells us about the electronic configuration i.e. no of protons or electrons and hence chemical property of that element
In a periodic table elements are arranged in a series of rows called periods. Elements with same period have same no of electrons in their outer shells arranged in a column and having similar properties.
When two or more atoms combine chemically they from molecules. whereas a compound is formed when aleast two different atoms combine.
Chemical property which tells the the tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself is known as electronegativity.
Chapter 3:
Solid has definate shape and volume. Liquid has definate volume but doesnt have fixed shape as it takes the shape of container in which it is kept. Gas has neither definate shape and volume , it fills the whole space.
The process by which a solid goes into liquid known as melting.
Physical change in which a substance is not changed, it is reversible. eg freezing of water. Whereas in chemical change a new chemical substance is formed that is entirely different from the original substance, it is irreversble. eg rusting of iron
beginning and ending substance in a chemical reaction are reactant and product respectively.
Four features of a chemical reaction:
they are irreversible since they involve breaking and forming of new bonds
the new product formed has physical and chemical properties entirely different from the original substance
they involve heat for their propagtion. chemical reactions which release heat are exothermic and when heat is absorbed know as endothermic.
A catalyst can accelerate a chemical reaction
Decomposition of a solid known as decompostion reaction
In order to sustain combustion in a solid and liquid ignition temperature of the substance must be reached as well as supply of oxygen is necessay.
A chemical change is always accompaned by rearangement of atoms either breaking of froming of new bonds and hence a new or altered product.
Chapter 4:
Newton's first law: An object at rest will remain at rest unless an external force is applied to it or an object in motion will remain in motion with the same speed and in the same direction until and unless an external force is act upon it. This is Newton's law of inertia.
Newton's 2nd law: an acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. the greater the mass of the obejct being accelerated the greater is the amount of force needed to accelerate that object.
F=ma where F= force, m= mass of object and a= acceleration produced
Newtons's 3rd law: To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction
Potential energy: energy possesed by an object by virtue of its position relative to others.
kinetic energy: energy possesed by an object by virtue of its being in motion
Bernauli's noted for hydrodyamics as well as kinetic theory of gases.
Visosity is the measure of fluid resistance to flow
laminar and turbulent flow:
in laminar flow all the fluid particles move in an orderly arrangement and moves parallel to the flow direction and never interfere with one another path whereas in turbulent flow the fluid particles move in a random haphazard manner criss crossing each other paths
Reynolds no identify define laminar and turbulent flow. when reynolds no is around 500 laminar flow ,when around 200 turbulent flow
transition from laminar to turbulent flow
when stream discharge increases laminar to turbulent flow occurs
when sudden change in slope increase laminar to turbulent flow occurs
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