https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKImn9nyGUYC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=Race+in+Argen
ID: 233943 • Letter: H
Question
https://books.google.com/books?id=ZKImn9nyGUYC&pg=PA37&lpg=PA37&dq=Race+in+Argentina+and+Cuba,+1880-1930:+Theory,+Policies,+and+Popular+Reaction&source=bl&ots=CeWqQM6R8W&sig=O_Lw8gKImX50bBNsTFWNr143ECk&hl=en&sa=X&ei=5Th8U8zEDM6gogSIy4H4Cw#v=onepage&q=Race%20in%20Argentina%20and%20Cuba%2C%201880-1930%3A%20Theory%2C%20Policies%2C%20and%20Popular%20Reaction&f=false
"Helg’s Race in Argentina and Cuba, 1880-1930"
By using the link above start from pg 38 to answer these questions:
Helg looks at the writings of Sarmiento, Bunge, and Ingenieros to explore racial theorizing in Argentina. What conclusions did she reach?
What shifted the debate from race to immigration?
How did some Argentinean intellectuals deal with the immigration issue?
How did the Cuban intellectuals Figueras and Ortiz Fernandez deal with race?
After independence, discuss Cuban racial policies.
Explain the meaning of the “Little War of 1912.”
Why did the racial histories of Argentina and Cuba differ?
SORRY, I COULDN'T FIND SOCIAL SCIENCE IN THE SUBJECT !!!!
Explanation / Answer
Helg's race in Argentina and Cuba :
Helg looked at the writing of Sarmiento ,Bunge ,and Ingenieros to explore racial theorizing in Argentina, she concluded from the context of Sarmiento ,Bunge's and Ingenieros theorizing appeared closer to the European models than to the changing reality of Argentina.
She had choosen to illustrate the Hispanic American racial issue by reference to two countries ( Argentina and Cuba ) .By 1900 Argentina had almost completed one century of Independence .Cuba achieved Independence from Spain in 1898.If the races had a remote common origin ,a world wide cataclysm had divided the continents . Hence people formed different races.
Shifting of race to Immigration : From race to Xenophobia in Argentina :
The whitening of Argentina through immigration had been a fast process. The main debate is reducing of invisible minority blacks by the new comers ready to start their upward mobility from lower urban positions.By the end of the 19th century the themes of blacks , Indians, and miscegenation were lossing their currency in favour of the debates regarding immigration.
Argentinean intellectuals deal with the immigration issue: TheIngenieros was highly optimistee about the future of Argentina .Although colonial miscegenation had set back the formation of a white nation by at least a century ,the waves of white immigration of the 19th century and 20th century had eventually supposedly belonged to the superior race,work, culture, democracy ,and modernization .Had their influence on the Europeanized regions of country.
Cuban intellectuals Figueras and Ortiz Fernandez deal with race : Fernando Ortiz (1881 - 1969 ) is well known as the first Cuban ethnologist and as an anti racist ,but he is less recognised for his pre- world war II positivism and interest in Criminology.
After studying Cuba's ethnic composition , psychology , and the way of life ,Figueras tried to prove their racial incapacity to form an independent republic.Cubans were still in the process of formation.
Cuban racial POlicies after independence : After independence Cuba's creole - elite suprisingly followed Argentina's model of nation building , despite great differences in racial makeup.The ruling class chosen to reinforce the Hispanic component of the population through immigration rather than to unify the new nation .Both the race of colors and creoles had participated side by side in the struggle against spain not only as soldiers but also as commanders, and propagandists.
Argentina and Cuba races are differ in only one way as Cuba could not be saved without strengthening its links with the United States and without an Anglo -seaxon education based on reason.
Little war of 1912 means The Negro Rebellion Or Independientes decolor. " Armed uprising of the Independents of Color ".
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