Question 1. (a) State Einstein\'s two postulates of Special Relativity, and expl

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Question 1. (a) State Einstein's two postulates of Special Relativity, and explain what an inertial (b) Briefly explain the purpose of the Michelson-Morley experiment. What was (c) Frames S and S' are in the standard configuration (origins coincide at t t'- reference frame is. conclusion drawn from the observed results? 0 and relative velocity along the a-axis), and the velocity of S' relative to S is u = +0.3c. If the spacetime coordinates for an event in S, are: (ct,) (0.9 m,2 m,4 m, 1 m) what is the time coordinate ct for this event in the S frame? (d) To set up an inertial reference frame, stationary observers (at any fixed location in space) must each have a clock that is synchronised with every other clock in that inertial frame. One way to check that all of the clocks are synchronised is as follows. The clocks have reflective faces that allow you to read them by shining light on them, which you do with a flashbulb. Suppose your own clock says the time when you flash is 2.00000 seconds (exactly), and you are checking a clock that is 3000 meters away. 3 At what time will you see the reflection? Suppose the reflection shows a time of 2.00002 seconds. Is the other clock syn- chronised with yours? Briefly explain your answer. (e) You accelerate a particle of mass m from rest to some speed. You then measure the relativistic momentum of the particle and find that it is twice as large as you would have expected based on the expression for the classical momentum. What is the speed of the particle? (f) Explain the term "rest energy" of a particle with mass m in the context of Special Relativity. What is the rest energy of a muon (in MeV and in SI units) assuming that a muon is 207 times heavier than an electron?

Explanation / Answer

It is a very long question. I am answering the first one as per Chegg's guidelnes.

Postulates are

1. The laws of phyiscs are the same in all inertial frames of reference.

2. The speed of light is constant in any frame of reference and irrespective of the state of motion of the source of light.

Any frame of reference which is at rest or mving with a constant speed with respect to an inertial frame of reference is called an inertial frame of reference.

(b) The Michelson Morely experiment was conducted to verify the existance of ether medium. The ether medium was proposed to explain the propagation of light in vacuum. The experiment failed to establish the existance of ether medium.

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