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WEEK 3 Case Study A 70-yr-old male, who had been getting progressively more tire

ID: 230465 • Letter: W

Question

WEEK 3 Case Study

            A 70-yr-old male, who had been getting progressively more tired and lethargic the past few months, sought medical advice. The patient appeared thin with noticeable pallor of the nail beds and mucus membranes. A CBC revealed his H&H to be 9.1 g/dL and 30.0%. He was placed on iron supplementation and told to return for follow-up blood work in six weeks. Six weeks later his hematocrit had dropped to 25.7% (see CBC below).

CBC

WBC (x 109/L)                4.0

            RBC (x 1012/L)               2.10

            HGB (g/dl)                    8.5

            HCT (%)                        25.7

            RBC INDICES

                        MCV (fl)            122

                        MCH (pg)          40

                        MCHC (g/dl)      33

            RDW (%)                      21

            PLT (x 109/L)                 120

            RETIC COUNT (%)         0.7

DIFFERENTIAL

            WBC identification              Relative (%)             Absolute (x109/L)                      

                        segs                             40                                 1.6

                        lymphs                                     49                                 2.0

                        monos                           8                                0.3

                        eos                                 3                                0.1

                        basos                           0                                0.0

RBC morphology            Moderate poikilocytosis, moderate anisocytosis, several ovalocytes,

occasional Howell-Jolly bodies, neutrophils with 6 lobes noted.

            Platelet estimate            7 / OIF

           

QUESTIONS

Are his CBC and differential results within the normal range? If not, indicate those

that are outside the reference range.

How would you categorize his red cells morphologically (i.e. normo-, macro-or

microcytic; hypo- or normochromic)?

            3.   In what conditions would you see similar CBC results? Be specific.

Based on the clinical history and CBC results above, chemistry testing was performed and the following results obtained:

                        Sodium =          140 mmol/L

                        Potassium =     4.6 mmolL

                        Chloride =         99 mmol/L

                        Bicarbonate =   26 mmol/L

                        AST =               30 U/L

                        ALT =               38 U/L

                        Glucose =         92 mg/dL

                        Total bilirubin = 0.9 mg/dL

                        Serum iron=      82 ug/dL

                        Serum ferritin =             70 ug/L

                        B12 =                 312 pg/ml

                        Folate =            2.0 ng/ml    (serum level– radioassay)

            4. Are his chemistry results within the normal range? If not, indicate those that are outside the

    reference range.

5. What information do the ALT and AST results provide concerning this patient?

            6. What disorder is suggested by the clinical history and test results on this patient? Justify

     your answer.

            7. Bone marrow

(a) Describe the characteristic appearance of the bone marrow in this disorder.

(b) Discuss the mechanism responsible for these characteristic bone marrow findings.

            8. (a) Calculate the absolute reticulocyte count - show all your work. Is it normal or abnormal?

                (b) Based on your diagnosis, is this the result you would have expected?

            9. Schilling Test

                 Review the results of the Schilling test below and suggest the most likely diagnosis based on

                 these findings. Explain your answer.

-Part I, before intrinsic factor = 6.0%

                                    -Part II, after intrinsic factor = 8.0%

            10. Why do you think his hematocrit continued to drop after iron supplementation?

                       

Explanation / Answer

CBC and Differential results are not within the normal range. Normal range is given at right hand side.

1)  RBC (x 1012/L) Low 2.10 Normal ( 3.5 -55)

2) HGB (g/dl) Low 8.5 Normal ( 12 - 16)

3)    HCT (%) Low 25.7 Normal (38 -50 )

4) RDW (%) High 21 Normal ( 11-14.5)