A virtual image has a positive image distance; a real image has a negative image

Question

          A virtual image has a positive image distance; a real image has a negative image distance.

          A converging lens has a negative focal length; a diverging lens has a positive focal length.

          When the object is on the same side of the reflecting or

refracting surface as the incoming light, the object distance is

positive; otherwise, it is negative.

          When the center of curvature of a spherical mirror is on the

same side as the reflected light, the radius of curvature is positive;

otherwise, it is negative.

          For an upright image, the magnification is positive; for an inverted image, the magnification is negative

Explanation / Answer

A converging lens has a negative focal length; a diverging lens has a positive focal length

When the center of curvature of a spherical mirror is on the same side as the reflected light, the radius of curvature is positive;otherwise, it is negative

For an upright image, the magnification is positive; for an inverted image, the magnification is negative

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