Gossips fuliginous and Gossips forties are found in sympatry on at least one isl
ID: 227545 • Letter: G
Question
Gossips fuliginous and Gossips forties are found in sympatry on at least one island in the Galapagos and in allopathy on several islands in the same archipelago. Compare your expectations about degree of morphological similarity of the two species in these two contexts, given the hypothesis that competition for food played a large role in the adaptive radiation of this group Would your expectation be the same for a pair of finch species that are not as closely related? Explain. If there is no universally accepted definition of a species, what good is the term? Will the idea of and need for a species concept" be eliminated in the future? What factors influence a population's evolutionary response to selection?Explanation / Answer
Ques-1:
Galapagos Island finches are referred as Darwin’s finches
1. Charles Darwin experimented on these finches to explain the adaptive radiation of the species in accordance with the environmental changes, allelic changes, and mutation impact.
2. He used the following experimental and analytical methods to deduce a conclusion about the adaptive radiation associated with allopatric and sympatric speciation
a. He examined the reason behind the existence of different finches with different sizes of the beaks on the Galapagos Island with the differential adaptation of the species to the external environment.
b. He analyzed the beaks of the Galapagos finches mechanism in predating or feeding the insects and other plants seeds. He analyzed and drawn a hypothesis in which the beaks which have been eating seeds and other type of finches beaks which are eating other than seed items. Finally, he compared the fruit size of the trees which producing seeds with that of the finches on which they feed on.
c. He concluded a hypothesis about the finches how they evolve from their ancestors and also for their descendents by drawing island map in which finches survival and the growth adaptation of their beak sizes with that of the material what they feed.
Adaptive radiation is the diversity of structures of organisms into new forms under new favorable environmental conditions (Eg: when new food resources are available). The changes of adaptive radiation are rapid and results in phenotypic adaptation of morphological and physiological traits so that similar or dissimilar morphological features in the phenotype.
The mechanism of adaptive radiation is known as allopatric speciation, in which one species in particular population differs from all other species (isolated species) and genetic exchange is also prevented among these species. For example, physical barriers such as a mountain range or long waterways may makes impossible for them to mate. Geospiza fulignosa and Geospiza fortiss (Galapagos finches) are found in sympatry on at least one island in the Galapagos and in allopatry on several islands in the same archipelago. The degree of morphological similarity of the two species has in these two contexts such as “beak size” for degree of predation therefore, the hypothesis that competition for food played a large role in the adaptive radiation of this group. The beak sizes are not same for these two species due to variable predation on Galapagos in which Geospiza fortiss has larger beak even though they are closely relatedGeospiza fulignosa and Geospiza fortiss (Galapagos finches) are found in sympatry on at least one island in the Galapagos and in allopatry on several islands in the same archipelago. The degree of morphological similarity of the two species has in these two contexts such as “beak size” for degree of predation therefore, the hypothesis that competition for food played a large role in the adaptive radiation of this group. The beak sizes are not same for these two species due to variable predation on Galapagos in which Geospiza fortiss has larger beak even though they are closely relatedTherefore, these isolated species develop or evolve according to their habitat, because their gene modifications go in that direction (natural selection!).
Sympatric speciation is different and perhaps it does not exist. It is going to occur when there are no physical barriers, prevent species to mate together. The occurrence of speciation may be depends on availability of different food sources and existence of different shelters.
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