clear % Get power-flow case data [ BusData, LineData, CktBrkData, GenData, Shunt
ID: 2267296 • Letter: C
Question
clear
% Get power-flow case data
[ BusData, LineData, CktBrkData, GenData, ShuntData, ConTol ] =
ThreeBusCase;% Build data structures for the AC network model
[ netdat ] = Build_Network_Data( BusData, LineData, CktBrkData,
GenData,ShuntData, ConTol);
[Af, At, Ash, Acbf, Acbt, Av, Ag, Ath] = Build_Incidence_Matrices(
netdat );
nb = netdat.nb;
ng = netdat.ng;
nd = netdat.nd;
ptol = netdat.ptol;
qtol = netdat.qtol;
pd = netdat.pload;
qd = netdat.qload;
pg = netdat.pgen;
% Initialize bus voltages and angles.
[v,theta] = Init_Voltages_and_Angles( netdat );
% Initialize real power mismatch variable
ps = 0.0; %Total real power mismatch variable initialized at zero.
w = Ag*netdat.wg;
maxit = 10;
scas = zeros(maxit,2*nb+2);
iter = 0;
converged = 0;
while ( converged == 0 && iter < maxit )
iter = iter + 1;
[ flowdat ] = Flows_and_Injections( Af, At, Ash, v, theta, netdat );
p = flowdat.p;
q = flowdat.q;
[deltap, deltaq] = PQMismatch( p, q, pd, qd, pg, Ag, Av, w, ps );
% Test for Power-Flow convergence
[converged, Maxdp, Maxdq ] = tescon( deltap, deltaq, ptol, qtol);
if( converged == 0 )
% Power-Flow has not converged, do another Newton iteration
[ partials ] = Flow_and_Injection_Partials...
( netdat, flowdat, Af, At, Ash );
H = partials.pppth*Ath';
M = Av*partials.pqpth*Ath';
N = partials.pppv*Av';
L = Av*partials.pqpv*Av';
G = [H N -w; M L zeros(nd,1)];
% Solve Newton equations
dx = G[deltap;deltaq];
% Update x
theta = theta + Ath'*dx(1:nb-1);
v = v + Av'*dx(nb:nb+nd-1);
ps = ps + dx(nb+nd);
% Completion of Newton iteration
end
scas(iter,:) = [v' theta' Maxdp Maxdq];
end
kmax = iter;
savefile = 'dpdqfile.mat';
dp = scas(1:kmax,2*nb+1);
dq = scas(1:kmax,2*nb+2);
save(savefile, 'dp', 'dq');
savefile = 'vthetafile.mat';
v = scas(kmax,1:nb)';
theta = scas(kmax,nb+1:2*nb)';
save(savefile,'v', 'theta')
enb = zeros(nb+nd,1);
enb(nb+nd) = 1;
y = - G'enb;
zetap = y(1:nb) - ones(nb,1);
zetaq = y(nb+1:nb+nd);
[Psi] = Line_Flow_Sensitivity_Matrix( G,partials,Av,Ath);
[ flowdat ] = Flows_and_Injections( Af, At, Ash, v, theta, netdat );
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function[Af, At, Ash, Acbf, Acbt, Av, Ag, Ath] = Build_Incidence_Matrices(
netdat )
nb = netdat.nb;
ns = netdat.ns;
ncb = netdat.ncb;
E = speye(nb);
Av = E(netdat.LoadBus,:);
Ag = E(:,netdat.GenBus);
Af = E(:,netdat.frombus);
At = E(:,netdat.tobus);
Ath = E(2:nb,:);
if ns > 0
Ash = E(:,netdat.shuntbus);
else
Ash = [];
end
if ncb > 0
Acbf = E(:,netdat.cbf);
Acbt = E(:,netdat.cbt);
else
Acbf = [];
Acbt = [];
end
------------------------------------------------------
function[ netdat ] =...
Build_Network_Data( BusData, LineData, CktBrkData, GenData, ShuntData,
ConTol)
nb = length(BusData(:,1));
netdat.nb = nb;
netdat.pload = BusData(:,1);
netdat.qload = BusData(:,2);
netdat.vmin = BusData(:,3);
netdat.vmax = BusData(:,4);
nl = length(LineData(:,1));
netdat.nl = nl;
[ncb,~] = size(CktBrkData);
netdat.ncb = ncb;
ng = length(GenData(:,1)); % ng is the number of network generators
netdat.ng = ng;
%netdat.nd = nb - ng;
netdat.frombus = LineData(:,1);
netdat.tobus = LineData(:,2);
netdat.phi = LineData(:,6);
netdat.alpha = LineData(:,7);
netdat.linelim = LineData(:,8);
rl = LineData(:,3);
xl = LineData(:,4);
netdat.xl = xl;
netdat.bsf = LineData(:,5);
netdat.bst = netdat.bsf;
netdat.gsf = zeros(nl,1);
netdat.gst = netdat.gsf;
netdat.gline = rl./(rl.^2+xl.^2);
netdat.bline = - xl./(rl.^2+xl.^2);
netdat.GenBus = GenData(:,1);
netdat.vgen = GenData(:,2);
netdat.pgen = GenData(:,3);
netdat.wg = GenData(:,4);
netdat.gencost = GenData(:,5);
netdat.genpmin = GenData(:,6);
netdat.genpmax = GenData(:,7);
netdat.genqmin = GenData(:,8);
netdat.genqmax = GenData(:,9);
BusType = sparse(ones(nb,1));
BusType(netdat.GenBus) = 0;
netdat.LoadBus = find(BusType);
netdat.nd = length(netdat.LoadBus);
[ns,~] = size(ShuntData);
netdat.ns = ns;
if ns > 0
netdat.shuntbus = ShuntData(:,1);
netdat.shuntG = ShuntData(:,2);
netdat.shuntB = ShuntData(:,3);
end
if ncb > 0
netdat.cbf = CktBrkData(:,1);
netdat.cbt = CktBrkData(:,2);
netdat.status = CktBrkData(:,3);
end
netdat.ptol = ConTol(1);
netdat.qtol = ConTol(2);
---------------------------------------------------------------------
% 14 bus case bus admittance matri9x sparsity structure
% Get power-flow case data
[ BusData, LineData, GenData, ShuntData, ConTol ] = FourteenBusCase;
% Build data structures for the AC network model
[ netdat ] = Build_Network_Data( BusData, LineData, GenData, ShuntData,
ConTol);
[Af, At, Ash, Av, Ag, Ath] = Build_Incidence_Matrices( netdat );
Ys = (Af-At)*(Af-At)';
spy(Ys)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function[ BusData, LineData, CktBrkData, GenData, ShuntData, ConTol ] =
FiveBusCase;
% Pd Qd Vmin Vmax
BusData = [ 0.0 0.0 0.90 1.10
0.0 0.10 0.90 1.10
0.45 0.15 0.90 1.10
0.40 0.05 0.90 1.10
0.60 0.10 0.90 1.10 ];
% f t rl xl bsh alpha phi Mva Lim
LineData = [ 1 2 0.02 0.06 0.030 0 1 2.0
1. 3 0.08 0.24 0.025 0 1 2.0
2. 3 0.06 0.18 0.020 0 1 2.0
3. 4 0.06 0.18 0.020 0 1 2.0
4. 5 0.04 0.12 0.015 0 1 2.0
5. 4 0.01 0.03 0.010 0 1 2.0
6. 5 0.08 0.24 0.025 0 1 2.0];
CktBrkData = [];
% bus vgen pgen wg c pmin pmax qmin qmax
GenData = [ 2 1.06 1.25 1.0 100 0.5 1.5 -0.60 0.50
7. 1.06 0.40 0.0 50 0.3 0.6 -0.30 0.30 ];
ShuntData = [];
ConTol = [ 0.0001; 0.0001 ];
------------------------------------------------------------------------
function[ BusData, LineData, GenData, ShuntData ConTol ] = FourteenBusCase
% f t r x bs phi alpha
MvarLIM
LineData = [ 1.0000 2.0000 0.0194 0.0592 0.0264 0 1
2.0000
1.0000 5.0000 0.0540 0.2230 0.0246 0 1
2.0000
2.0000 3.0000 0.0470 0.1980 0.0219 0 1
2.0000
2.0000 4.0000 0.0581 0.1763 0.0170 0 1
2.0000
2.0000 5.0000 0.0569 0.1739 0.0173 0 1
2.0000
3.0000 4.0000 0.0670 0.1710 0.0064 0 1
2.0000
4.0000 5.0000 0.0133 0.0421 0 0 1
2.0000
4.0000 7.0000 0 0.2091 0 0 0.978
2.0000
4.0000 9.0000 0 0.5562 0 0 0.969
2.0000
5.0000 6.0000 0 0.2520 0 0 0.932
2.0000
6.0000 11.0000 0.0950 0.1989 0 0 1
2.0000
6.0000 12.0000 0.1229 0.2558 0 0 1
2.0000
6.0000 13.0000 0.0661 0.1303 0 0 1
2.0000
7.0000 8.0000 0 0.1761 0 0 1
2.0000
7.0000 9.0000 0 0.1100 0 0 1
2.0000
9.0000 10.0000 0.0318 0.0845 0 0 1
2.0000
9.0000 14.0000 0.1271 0.2704 0 0 1
2.0000
10.0000 11.0000 0.08205 0.19207 0 0 1
2.0000
12.0000 13.0000 0.2209 0.1999 0 0 1
2.0000
13.0000 14.0000 0.1709 0.3480 0 0 1
2.0000];
BusData = [ 0 0 0.9000 1.1000
0.2170 0.1270 0.9000 1.1000
0.9420 0.1900 0.9000 1.1000
0.4780 -0.0390 0.9000 1.1000
0.0760 0.0160 0.9000 1.1000
0.1120 0.0750 0.9000 1.1000
0 0 0.9000 1.1000
0 0 0.9000 1.1000
0.2950 0.1660 0.9000 1.1000
0.0900 0.0580 0.9000 1.1000
0.0350 0.0180 0.9000 1.1000
0.0610 0.0160 0.9000 1.1000
0.1350 0.0580 0.9000 1.1000
0.1490 0.0500 0.9000 1.1000 ];
% bus vgen pgen wg c pmin pmax qmin qmax
GenData = [ 1 1.0600 2.1900 1.0 1.00 0 3.00 -1.0 1.0
2 1.0450 0.4000 0.0 2.00 0 3.00 -1.0 1.0
3 1.0100 0 0.0 3.00 0 3.00 -1.0 1.0
6 1.0700 0 0.0 4.00 0 3.00 -1.0 1.0
8 1.0900 0 0.0 5.00 0 3.00 -1.0 1.0 ];
ShuntData = [ 9 0.0000 0.019 ];
ConTol = [ .0001;.0001];
------------------------------------------------------
function[v,theta] = Init_Voltages_and_Angles( netdat )
nb = netdat.nb;
% Flat start initialization
v = ones(nb,1);
% Set generator bus voltage magnitudes to their scheduled values
v(netdat.GenBus) = netdat.vgen;
theta = zeros(nb,1);
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function[ flowdat ] = Flows_and_Injections( Af, At, Ash, v, theta,
netdat )
frombus = netdat.frombus;
tobus = netdat.tobus;
ns = netdat.ns;
gsf = netdat.gsf;
gst = netdat.gst;
bsf = netdat.bsf;
bst = netdat.bst;
bline = netdat.bline;
gline = netdat.gline;
alpha = netdat.alpha;
vf = v(frombus);
vt = v(tobus);
thetaf = theta(frombus);
thetat = theta(tobus);
thetal = thetaf - thetat;
cthl = cos(thetal);
sthl = sin(thetal);
vk = alpha.*vf;
pf = vk.*( vk.*(gsf + gline) - vt.*(gline.*cthl + bline.*sthl));
qf = vk.*(-vk.*(bsf + bline) - vt.*(gline.*sthl - bline.*cthl));
pt = vt.*( vt.*(gst + gline) - vk.*(gline.*cthl - bline.*sthl));
qt = vt.*(-vt.*(bst + bline) - vk.*(-gline.*sthl - bline.*cthl));
p = Af*pf + At*pt;
q = Af*qf + At*qt;
if ns > 0
shuntbus = netdat.shuntbus;
vsh = v(shuntbus);
shuntG = netdat.shuntG;
shuntB = netdat.shuntB;
psh = vsh.*vsh.*shuntG;
qsh = - vsh.*vsh.*shuntB;
p = p + Ash*psh;
q = q + Ash*qsh;
else
psh = [];
qsh = [];
vsh = [];
end
flowdat.vt = vt;
flowdat.vk = vk;
flowdat.vsh = vsh;
flowdat.sthl = sthl;
flowdat.cthl = cthl;
flowdat.pf = pf;
flowdat.qf = qf;
flowdat.pt = pt;
flowdat.qt = qt;
flowdat.p = p;
flowdat.q = q;
flowdat.psh = psh;
flowdat.qsh = qsh;
----------------------------------------------------------------------------
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function[ partials ] =...
Flow_and_Injection_Partials( netdat, flowdat, Af, At, Ash )
% pf is the real power flow on line i-j from bus i to bus j
% qf is the reaactive power flow on line i-j from bus i to bus j
% pt is the real power flow on line i-j from bus j to bus i
% qt is the reaactive power flow on line i-j from bus j to bus i
bsf = netdat.bsf;
bst = netdat.bst;
gsf = netdat.gsf;
gst = netdat.gst;
gline = netdat.gline;
bline = netdat.bline;
alpha = netdat.alpha;
vk = flowdat.vk;
vt = flowdat.vt;
vsh = flowdat.vsh;
cthl = flowdat.cthl;
sthl = flowdat.sthl;
ppfptl = vk.*vt.*(gline.*sthl - bline.*cthl);
ppfpvf = 2*alpha.*vk.*(gsf + gline) - alpha.*vt.*(gline.*cthl +
bline.*sthl);
ppfpvt = - vk.*(gline.*cthl + bline.*sthl);
pqfptl = - vk.*vt.*(gline.*cthl + bline.*sthl);
pqfpvf = - 2*alpha.*vk.*(bsf + bline) - alpha.*vt.*(gline.*sthl -
bline.*cthl);
pqfpvt = - vk.*(gline.*sthl - bline.*cthl);
pptptl = vk.*vt.*(gline.*sthl + bline.*cthl);
pptpvf = -alpha.*vt.*(gline.*cthl - bline.*sthl);
pptpvt = 2*vt.*(gst + gline) - vk.*(gline.*cthl - bline.*sthl);
pqtptl = vk.*vt.*(gline.*cthl - bline.*sthl);
pqtpvf = alpha.*vt.*(gline.*sthl + bline.*cthl);
pqtpvt = -2*vt.*(bst + bline) + vk.*(gline.*sthl + bline.*cthl);
% Line flow partial matrices
partials.ppfpv = sparse(diag(ppfpvf))*Af' + sparse(diag(ppfpvt))*At';
partials.ppfpth = sparse(diag(ppfptl))*Af' - sparse(diag(ppfptl))*At';
partials.pqfpv = sparse(diag(pqfpvf))*Af' + sparse(diag(pqfpvt))*At';
partials.pqfpth = sparse(diag(pqfptl))*Af' - sparse(diag(pqfptl))*At';
partials.pptpv = sparse(diag(pptpvf))*Af' + sparse(diag(pptpvt))*At';
partials.pptpth = sparse(diag(pptptl))*Af' - sparse(diag(pptptl))*At';
partials.pqtpv = sparse(diag(pqtpvf))*Af' + sparse(diag(pqtpvt))*At';
partials.pqtpth = sparse(diag(pqtptl))*Af' - sparse(diag(pqtptl))*At';
% Bus injection partial matrices
partials.pppth = Af * partials.ppfpth + At * partials.pptpth;
partials.pppv = Af * partials.ppfpv + At * partials.pptpv;
partials.pqpth = Af * partials.pqfpth + At * partials.pqtpth;
partials.pqpv = Af * partials.pqfpv + At * partials.pqtpv;
if netdat.ns > 0
shuntG = netdat.shuntG;
shuntB = netdat.shuntB;
ppshpv = 2*vsh.*shuntG*Ash';
pqshpv = -2*vsh.*shuntB*Ash';
partials.pppv = partials.pppv + Ash * ppshpv;
partials.pqpv = partials.pqpv + Ash * pqshpv;
end
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
% Generate measurements from loadflow solution
load('vthetafile.mat', 'v', 'theta')
----------------------------------------------------------------------
clear
% Get power-flow case data
[ BusData, LineData, GenData, ShuntData, ConTol ] = SixBusCaseLineOut;
% Build data structures for the AC network model
[ netdat ] = Build_Network_Data( BusData, LineData, GenData, ShuntData,
ConTol);
nb = netdat.nb;
ng = netdat.ng;
nd = netdat.nd;
ptol = netdat.ptol;
qtol = netdat.qtol;
pd = netdat.pload;
qd = netdat.qload;
pg = netdat.pgen;
% Initialize bus voltages and angles.
[v,theta] = Init_Voltages_and_Angles( netdat );
% Initialize real power mismatch variable
ps = 0.0; %Total real power mismatch variable initialized at zero.
[Af, At, Ash, Av, Ag, Ath] = Build_Incidence_Matrices( netdat );
A = Af - At;
Ar = Ath*A;
xline = netdat.xl;
B = Ar*diag(1./xline)*Ar';
F = diag(1./xline)*Ar';
p = Ath*(Ag*pg - pd);
xth = Bp;
pf = F*xth;
pt = -pf;
pi = A*pf
z =[pf(3); pf(10); pf(11); pt(6); pt(7); pi(1); pi(2); pi(3) ]
----------------------------------------------------
% Plot Power Flow Convergence
load('dpdqfile.mat', 'dp', 'dq');
iter = (1:1:length(dp));
semilogy(iter,dp,iter,dq,'--r','LineWidth',2)
legend('|Max Deltap|','|Max Deltaq|')
set(gca,'XTick',1:1:3)
xlabel('Iteration','fontsize',12)
ylabel('Largest per unit MW and MVar Mismatches','fontsize',12)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
function[ zeta ] = loss_sensitivity_vector(G,nb)
[~,n] = size(G);
en = zeros(n,1);
en(n) = 1;
v = -G'en -ones(n,1)
zeta = v(1:nb);
---------------------------------------------------------------------
function[Psi] = Line_Flow_Sensitivity_Matrix( G,partials,Av,Ath)
[nl,~] = size(partials.ppfpth);
S = [ partials.ppfpth*Ath' partials.ppfpv*Av' zeros(nl,1) ];
Psi = - S/G;
-------------------------------------------------------------------
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function[ BusData, LineData, GenData, ShuntData, ConTol ] = SixBusCase
% f t rl xl bs phi alpha MW Lim
LineData = [ 1 2 0.10 0.20 0.02 0 1 2.0
1. 4 0.05 0.20 0.02 0 1 2.0
1. 5 0.08 0.30 0.03 0 1 2.0
2. 3 0.05 0.25 0.03 0 1 2.0
3. 4 0.05 0.10 0.01 0 1 2.0
4. 5 0.10 0.30 0.02 0 1 2.0
5. 6 0.07 0.20 0.025 0 1 2.0
6. 5 0.12 0.26 0.025 0 1 2.0
7. 6 0.02 0.10 0.01 0 1 2.0
8. 5 0.20 0.40 0.04 0 1 2.0
9. 6 0.10 0.30 0.03 0 1 2.0 ];
% PL QL vmin vmax
BusData = [ 0.0 0.0 0.90 1.10
0.0 0.0 0.90 1.10
0.0 0.0 0.90 1.10
1.7 0.7 0.90 1.10
1.7 0.7 0.90 1.10
1.7 0.7 0.90 1.10 ];
% bus vgen pgen w c pmin pmax qmin qmax
GenData = [ 1 1.05 2.0 1.0 100 1.5 6.0 -1.5 1.5
10. 1.05 1.5 0.0 50 1.0 4.0 -1.5 1.5
11. 1.07 1.6 0.0 70 1.0 5.0 -1.5 1.5 ];
ShuntData = [];
ConTol = [ 0.0001; 0.0001 ];
--------------------------------------------------------
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function[ BusData, LineData, CktBrkData, GenData, ShuntData, ConTol ] =
SixBusCaseLineOut
% f t rl xl bs phi alpha MW Lim
LineData = [ 1 2 0.10 0.20 0.02 0 1 2.0
1. 4 0.05 0.20 0.02 0 1 2.0
1. 5 0.08 0.30 0.03 0 1 2.0
2. 3 0.05 0.25 0.03 0 1 2.0
3. 4 10000 10000 0.00 0 1 2.0
4. 5 0.10 0.30 0.02 0 1 2.0
5. 6 0.07 0.20 0.025 0 1 2.0
6. 5 0.12 0.26 0.025 0 1 2.0
7. 6 0.02 0.10 0.01 0 1 2.0
8. 5 0.20 0.40 0.04 0 1 2.0
9. 6 0.10 0.30 0.03 0 1 2.0 ];
CktBrkData = [];
% PL QL vmin vmax
BusData = [ 0.0 0.0 0.90 1.10
0.0 0.0 0.90 1.10
0.0 0.0 0.90 1.10
1.7 0.7 0.90 1.10
1.7 0.7 0.90 1.10
1.7 0.7 0.90 1.10 ];
% bus vgen pgen w c pmin pmax qmin qmax
GenData = [ 1 1.05 2.0 1.0 100 1.5 6.0 -1.5 1.5
10. 1.05 1.5 0.0 50 1.0 4.0 -1.5 1.5
11. 1.07 1.6 0.0 70 1.0 5.0 -1.5 1.5 ];
ShuntData = [];
ConTol = [ 0.0001; 0.0001 ];
-----------------------------------------------------------
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function[deltap, deltaq] = PQMismatch( p, q, pload, qload, pgen, Ag, Av,
w, ps )
deltap = Ag*pgen + w*ps - pload - p;
deltaq = Av*( - qload - q );
----------------------------------------------------------------------
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function[converged, Maxdp, Maxdq ] =...
tescon( deltap, deltaq, ptol, qtol)
Maxdp = max(abs(deltap));
Maxdq = max(abs(deltaq));
if ( Maxdp < ptol && Maxdq < qtol )
converged = 1;
else
converged = 0;
end
--------------------------------------------------------
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function[ BusData, LineData,CktBkrData, GenData, ShuntData, ConTol ] =
ThreeBusCase
% Pd Qd Vmin Vmax
BusData = [ 0.0 0.0 0.90 1.10
0.0 0.0 0.90 1.10
2.0 1.0 0.90 1.10 ];
% f t rl xl bsh alpha phi Mva Lim
LineData = [ 1 2 0.03 0.10 0.01 0 1 2.0
1. 3 0.01 0.04 0.01 0 1 2.0
2. 3 0.01 0.05 0.01 0 1 2.0 ];
CktBkrData = [];
% bus vgen pgen wg c pmin pmax qmin qmax
GenData = [ 1 1.05 0.75 1.0 100 0.5 1.25 -1.00 1.00
3. 1.05 1.25 0.0 50 0.5 1.25 -1.00 1.00 ];
ShuntData = [];
ConTol = [ 0.0001; 0.0001 ];
-----------------------------------------------------
ZOOM
clear
% Get power-flow case data
[ BusData, LineData, CktBrkData, GenData, ShuntData, ConTol ] =
SixBusCase2018;
% Build data structures for the AC network model
[ netdat ] = Build_Network_Data( BusData, LineData, CktBrkData, GenData,
ShuntData, ConTol);
nb = netdat.nb;
ng = netdat.ng;
nd = netdat.nd;
ptol = netdat.ptol;
qtol = netdat.qtol;
pd = netdat.pload;
qd = netdat.qload;
pg = netdat.pgen;
% Initialize bus voltages and angles.
[v,theta] = Init_Voltages_and_Angles( netdat );
% Initialize real power mismatch variable
ps = 0.0; %Total real power mismatch variable initialized at zero.
[Af, At, Ash, Acbf, Acbt, Av, Ag, Ath] = Build_Incidence_Matrices(
netdat );
A = Af - At;
Ar = Ath*A;
xline = netdat.xl;
B = Ar*diag(1./xline)*Ar';
F = diag(1./xline)*Ar';
p = Ath*(Ag*pg - pd);
xth = Bp;
pf =F*xth
S = diag(1./xline)*Ar';
Psidc = -S/B;
---------------------------------------------
Please provide detailed answer. All matlab functions are provided
1) A six-bus network is shown in the figure below. The base MVA for this network is 100 MVA Bus 1 Bus 3 Bus 4 Bus 2 Bus 6 Bus 5 Table 1: Line data for the six-bus network From Bus To BusT 0.02 0.06 0.030 0.08 0.24 0.025 0.06 0.18 0.020 0.04 0.12 0.015 0.02 0.08 0.025 0.01 0.03 0.010 0.08 0.24 0.025 0.02 0.08 0.025 Table 2: Bus data for the six-bus network MVar Umin Vmax 20 75 60 150 0.9 1.1 0.9 1.1 0.911.1 0.9 1.1 0.9 1 0.9 1.1 10 50Explanation / Answer
What is the matter ....
Tell about the given program which is given below to the question..
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