High blood Low blood Dietary glucose carbohydrate glucose Fatty acy CoASH Fatty

Question

High blood Low blood Dietary glucose carbohydrate glucose Fatty acy CoASH Fatty carnitine acyl-CoA t Insulin P Glucagon carnitine acyl Carnitine ACC transferase I inactive 6 PKA Fatty phosphatase Fatty acy acyl-CoA carnitine FADH ACC Glucose Acetyl-CoA Malonyl-CoA B oxidation glycolysis, NADH multistep pyruvate dehydrogenase Fatty acids complex Acetyl-CoA. Fatty acid Fatty acid Mitochondrion synthesis B oxidation Figure 17-12 Lehninger Principles ofBiochemistry, Fifth Edition 2008 W. H. Freeman and Company

Explanation / Answer

High plasma levels of insulin in the blood plasma (e.g. after meals) cause the dephosphorylation of acetyl-CoA carboxylase, thus promoting the formation of malonyl-CoA from acetyl-CoA, and consequently the conversion of carbohydrates into fatty acids, while epinephrine and glucagon (released into the blood during starvation and exercise) cause the phosphorylation of this enzyme, inhibiting lipogenesis in favor of fatty acid oxidation via beta-oxidation.

The increased amount of the Malolyl-COA will inhibit the action of enzyme carnithine acyl transferase one and inhibit the conversion fatty acyl-COA to Fatty acyl-carnithine so regulating the whole process.

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