1) If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels
ID: 221577 • Letter: 1
Question
1) If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels would ________, secretion of CRH by the __________________ would __________________, and secretion of ACTH by the ______________ would _____________.
A) decrease; adenohypophysis; increase; anterior pituitary gland; increase
B) increase; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis; increase
C) decrease; anterior pituitary gland; increase; hypothalamus; increase
D) increase; hypothalamus; decrease; anterior pituitary gland; decrease
E) decrease; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis; increase
2) ) If the pituitary gland is removed from a human subject, which of the following is likely to occur?
A) The subject will remain euthyroid.
B) There will be increased negative feedback on growth hormone by insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1).
C) The adrenal gland will hypertrophy to increase cortisol production.
D) The hypothalamus will secrete less CRH.
E) The adrenal gland will atrophy and plasma cortisol levels will be reduced.
3) To synthesize thyroid hormones, iodine is attached to:
A) the amino acid tyrosine. B) cholesterol. C) the amino acid tryptophan. D) acetyl coenzyme A. E) the amino acid phenylalanine
4) Which of the following is an action of the sympathetic nervous system during stress?
A) It increases glycogen synthesis in the liver.
B) It increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and viscera.
C) It increases the ability to respond to situations where physical activity is required.
D)It inhibits blood clotting.
E) It decreases ventilation of the lungs to save oxygen
5) A patient appears in a clinic complaining of irritability and chronic sweatiness. He also has a lump in his neck near his larynx. Blood tests show he has low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in his plasma. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A) an iodine-insufficient diet
B) primary hypothyroidism
C)secondary hypothyroidism
D) Graves' disease
E) hyposecretion of TRH
These questions were pulled from a Biology/Physiology exam. PLEASE PLEASE PLEASE, Include an explanation of why the correct answer is a specefic one, I really appreciate that.
thanks
Explanation / Answer
Q1. If the adrenal glands were removed from a patient, his plasma cortisol levels would ___decrease___, secretion of CRH by the ___hypothalamus___ would __increase__, and secretion of ACTH by the ___adenohypophysis__ would __increase__.
Answer: E) decrease; hypothalamus; increase; adenohypophysis; increase.
Explanation: The hormone cortisol is synthesized from cholesterol by the cortical cells of adrenal gland. Cholesterol levels are stimulated by the ACTH which is secreted from the anterior lobe of pituitary glands (also called as adenohypophysis). ACTH in turn is regulated by CRH, which is secreted from hypothalamus. When, the adrenal glands are removed, cortisol is not produced. Low levels of cortisol will stimulate CRH production. Thus, CRH increases, which, in turn increases ACTH levels.
Q2. If the pituitary gland is removed from a human subject, which of the following is likely to occur?
Answer: E) The adrenal gland will atrophy and plasma cortisol levels will be reduced.
Explanation: The anterior lobe of pituitary gland synthesize hormone called ACTH. When, pituitary gland is removed, there is no production of ACTH. Thus, signals will not be sent to adrenal gland for the synthesis of cortisol hormone. Thus, the adrenal gland will not function and become atrophy and the cortisol levels will decrease.
Q3. To synthesize thyroid hormones, iodine is attached to:
Answer: A) the amino acid tyrosine.
Q4. Which of the following is an action of the sympathetic nervous system during stress?
Answer: B) It increases blood flow to the skeletal muscles and viscera.
Explanation: The sympathetic nervous system is stimulated under stress conditions. The responses helps us to combat the enemy immediately and responses are autonomous.
Q5. A patient appears in a clinic complaining of irritability and chronic sweatiness. He also has a lump in his neck near his larynx. Blood tests show he has low levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in his plasma. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
Answer: D) Graves' disease
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